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1900                        West Point, Prout's Neck (Winslow Homer)

                                Bathers (Paul Cezanne) (-1905)

                                The Cyclops (Odilon Redon)

                                The Wyndham Sisters (John SInger Sargent)

                                Door from the Palace of king of Ikere-Ekiti (Olowe of Ise) (Yoruba)

                                Art Nouveau (-1911)

                                Resurrection (Tolstoy)

                                Lord Jim (Conrad)

                                British Governor Frederick Hodgson demands the the Golden Stool from the Ashanti leaders (3/28)

                                Umberto I, King of Italy assassinated by anarchist Gaetano Bresci (7/29)

                                Hague Convention goes into force (9/4)

                                International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union founded  in NYC (11)

                                -------------------------------------------------------------

                                Labour Representation Committee founded in Britain - leading to formation of the Labour oarty in 1906

                                German Navy Law - provides for massive increase in sea power - starts arms race with Great Britain

                                British conquest and occupation of northern Nigeria begins (-1903)

                                Kimberly, Ladysmith, Mafeking relieved by British forces under Generals Roberts and Kitchener

                                Great Britain annexes Orange Free State and Transvaal

                                Boxer Rebellion - Nationalist forces rebel in China - besiege foreign legations - suppressed by internat. force

                                Western envoys besieged in Peking and relieved by a European army under a German general

                                The "Yellow Peril"

                                Qing Dynasty decides to build a modernized army

                                Gold Standard adopted

                                Carry Nation raids in Kansas

                                US helps supress Boxer Uprising in China

                                Indian Territory renamed Oklahoma territory

                                Paris World's Fair

                                Umberto I -

                                Vittorio Emanuele III +

                                The Interpretation on Dreams (Freud) (1899)

                                Count Ferdinand Zeppelin constructs the first dirigible

                                Hopkins' first studies of vitamins

                                Philadelphia Orchestra forms

                                Weiner Symphoniker forms

                                The Dream of Gerontius                                     Elgar

                                Tosca                                                                     Puccini

                                Louise                                                                    Charpentier

                                Nocturnes                                                             Debussy

                                Alkema, Wobbe                                                                   1900-1981

                                Allegret, Marc                                                                      1900-1973

                                Antheil, George                                                                    1900-                       Composer

                                Armstrong, Louis                                                                 1900-1971               Musician

                                Brown, Willie                                                                        1900-1952               Musician

                                Bunuel, Luis                                                                          1900-1983               Director

                                Chiarini, Luigi                                                                       1900-1975

                                Copland, Aaron                                                                    1900-1990               Composer

                                Cugat, Xavier                                                                        1900-1990               Musician

                                Fromm, Erich                                                                         1900-1980

                                Gabor, Dennis                                                                       1900-1979

                                Gadamer, Hans Georg                                                          1900-

                                Gorky, Arshile (Adoian Vosdnik)                                      1900-1948               Painter

                                Halffler, Rodolfo                                                                   1900-                       Composer

                                Head, Michael                                                                      1900-1976               Musician

                                Hilton, James (Glen Trevor)                                                1900-1954

                                Johnson, Eyvind                                                                  1900-1976

                                Krenek, Ernest                                                                      1900-                       Musician

                                Ladnier, Thomas                                                                  1900-1939               Musician

                                Luening, Otto                                                                       1900-1996               Composer

                                Needham, Joseph                                                                 1900-1995

                                Neel, Alice                                                                             1900-1984

                                Parham, Hartzell “Tiny”                                                      1900-1943               Musician

                                Pauli, Wolfgang                                                                   1900-1958

                                Potter, Stephen                                                                     1900-

                                Ryle, Gilbert                                                                          1900-1976

                                Saint-Exupery, Antoine de                                                 1900-1944

                                Seferis, Giorgos (Seferiadis)                                               1900-1971

                                Tanguy, Yves                                                                       1900-1955

                                Weill, Kurt                                                                             1900-1950               Composer

                                Wolfe, Thomas                                                                     1900-1938

                                Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois                                       1822-1900

                                Church, Frederic                                                                   1826-1900

                                Crane, Stephen                                                                     1871-1900

                                Daimler, Gottlieb                                                                   1834-1900

                                Davidson, Thomas                                                              1840-1900

                                Fibich, Zdenek                                                                      1850-1900               Composer

                                Grove, Sir George                                                                 1820-1900               Composer

                                Hartmann, Johann Peter Emilius                                        1805-1900               Composer

                                Herzogenberg, Heinrich von                                              1843-1900               Composer

                                Hughes, David Edward                                                       1831-1900

                                Martineau, James                                                                 1805-1900               Philosopher / Theologian (England)

                                Mivart, George                                                                     1827-1900

                                Nietzsche, Friedrich                                                             1844-1900               Philosopher

                                Ruskin, John                                                                         1819-1900

                                Sullivan, Arthur Seymour                                                   1842-1900               Composer

                                Wilde, Oscar                                                                         1854-1900               Writer (1856)

1901                        Mediterranean (Maillol)

                                Caesar and Cleopatra (Shaw)

                                Buddenbrooks (Mann)

                                The Will To Power (Nietzsche)   postumous fragments

                                Queen Victoria dies (1/22)

                                US captures Filipino insurgent leader Emilio Aguinaldo (5/23)

                                William McKinley shot twice by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in  Buffalo - Temple of Music (9/6)             Friday

                                William McKinley dies from gunshot wound  (gangrene) to stomach (9/14) Saturday

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                "Terrorist" activities increase in Russia

                                Russia occupies Manchuria

                                Commonwealth of Australia established

                                First oil strike in Beaumont, TX

                                Buganda agreement - British indirect rule in Uganda through king of Buganda

                                Oil concession granted to W. K. D'Arcy in Iran

                                US Steel Corporation forms - first business capitalized at more than a billion dollars

                                Victoria -                               (England)                                               (1837-)

                                Edward VII +                         (England)                                               King

                                Marconi transmits first radiotelegraphy message across the Atlantic

                                Max Planck develops quantum theory

                                Victor Talking Machine incorporated in Camden NJ

                                Columbia starts producing disc records

                                Fourth Symphony                                                Mahler

                                A Pagan Poem                                                     Loeffler

                                Three Nocturnes for orchestra                          Debussy

                                Second Piano Concerto                                     Rachmaninov

                                Gurre-Lieder                                                        Schoenberg

                                "High Society"                                                     Porter Steele/Walter Melrose

                                Abbagnano, Nicola                                                             1901-

                                Apostel, Hans Erich                                                            1901-1972               Composer

                                Boyer, Jean                                                                           1901-

                                Bresson, Robert                                                                   1901-1999

                                Collins, Lee                                                                           1901-1960

                                Disney, Walt                                                                         1901-1966               Cartoonist

                                Dubuffet, Jean                                                                      1901-1985               Painter

                                Fermi, Enrico                                                                         1901-1954               Physicist (Italy)

                                Finzi, Gerald                                                                          1901-1956               Composer

                                Giacometti, Alberto                                                              1901-1966               Painter/Sculptor

                                Heisenberg, Werner Karl                                                    1901-1976               Physicist

                                Kahn, Louis                                                                          1901-1974

                                Lacan, Jacques Marie Emile                                               1901-1981

                                Lawrence, E. O.                                                                     1901-1958

                                Malraux, Andre                                                                    1901-1976

                                Morris, Charles W.                                                              1901-1979

                                Nagel, Ernest                                                                        1901-1985

                                Partch, Harry                                                                         1901-1974               Composer

                                Pepping, Ernst                                                                      1901-                       Musician

                                Poot, Marcel                                                                         1901-1988               Musician

                                Quasimodo, Salvadore                                                        1901-1968

                                Rodrigo, Joaquin                                                                  1901-                       Composer

                                Rubbra, Edmund                                                                  1901-1986               Composer

                                Scruggs, Irene                                                                      1901-                       Musician

                                Seifert, Jaroslav                                                                    1901-1986

                                Trumbauer, Frankie                                                              1901-1956

                                Adams, Herbert Baxter                                                        1850-1901

                                Bocklin, Arnold                                                                    1827-1901

                                Broglie, Jaques Victor Albert                                             1821-1901

                                Duhring, Eugen Karl                                                            1833-1901

                                Fick, Adolph                                                                         1829-1901

                                Fiske, John                                                                            1842-1901

                                Harrison, Benjamin                                                              1833-1901

                                Hermite, Charles                                                                   1822-1901

                                Kalinnikov, Vasily Sergeyevich                                         1866-1901               Composer

                                Koenig, K.R.                                                                         1832-1901

                                McKinley, William                                                               1843-1901               President

                                Rheinberger, Josef Gabriel                                                  1839-1901               Composer              3/17

                                Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de                                               1864-1901               Painter

                                Verdi, Guiseppi Fortunino Frencesco                               1813-1901               Composer

1902                        Waterloo Bridge (Monet)

                                Mediterranee (Aristide Maillol)

                                Door of the Room De Luxe of the Willow Tea Rooms (Mackintosh)

                                Heart of Darkness (Conrad)

                                Tales (Maxim Gorky)

                                Treaty of Vereenigong (Vereeniging) - ends Boer War

                                Anglo-Japanese Alliance forms - ending Great Britain's isolation policy

                                End of Philippine insurrection

                                British and German fleet seize Venezuelan navy to force payment of debts

                                Sannidhana -                        (Mysore)                                                H.H. Vani Vilas (regent)

                                First transPacific cable

                                Radio invented

                                Pierre and Marie Curie discover radium

                                Caruso records 10 arias for Gramophone Red Label

                                Pelleas et Melisande                                          Debussy  (4/30)

                                Second Symphony                                               Sibelius

                                "In the Good Old Summertime"                         Tin Pan Alley

                                Adams, Alibris Ansel                                                          1902-1984               Photographer

                                Adler, Mortimer                                                                    1902-2001

                                Brattain, W. H.                                                                      1902-1987

                                Braudel, Fernand                                                                  1902-1985

                                De Sica, Vittoria                                                                    1902-1974               Director

                                Dirac, P. A. M.                                                                      1902-1984

                                Feigl, Hebert                                                                         1902-1988

                                Hatta, Mohammed                                                               1902-

                                House, Son                                                                           1902-1988               Musician

                                James, Skip                                                                            1902-1969               Musician

                                Johnson, Blind Willie                                                          1902-1947               Musician]

                                Kaper, Bronislau                                                                  1902-1983               Composer (Warsaw, Poland)

                                Kastler, Alfred                                                                      1902-1984

                                Laxness, Halldor Kiljan                                                       1902-1998

                                Lindbergh, Charles Augustus                                           1902-                       Entrepreneur

                                Loyd, Seton Howard Frederick                                          1902-

                                Popper, Karl                                                                          1902-1994

                                Rodgers, Richard Charles                                                   1902-1979               Musician

                                Rushing, Jimmy                                                                    1902-1972               Musician

                                Steinbeck, John                                                                    1902-1968               Writer

                                Tarsky, Alfred                                                                      1902-1983

                                Walton, William Turner                                                      1902-1983               Composer

                                Wigner, Eugene Paul                                                           1902-1995

                                Wild, John                                                                             1902-1972

                                Wolpe, Stefan                                                                       1902-1972

                                Wyler, William                                                                      1902-1981               Director

                                Abel, Frederick Augustus                                                  1827-1902

                                Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg                              1834-1902               English Historian  (Naples)

                                Bierstadt, Albert                                                                   1830-1902

                                Gardiner, Samuel Rawson                                                   1829-1902

                                Ivanovici, Iosif                                                                     1845-1902               Composer

                                Stanton, Elizabeth Cady                                                      1815-1902

                                Stockton, Frank                                                                    1834-1902

                                Tissot, James                                                                        1836-1902

                                Zola, Emile                                                                             1840-1902               Writer

1903                        Houses at Chatou (Maurice de Vlaminck)

                                Man and Superman (Shaw)

                                Call of the Wild (London)

                                The Souls of the Black Folk (W. E. B. Dubois)

                                Motu proprio (Pope Pius X)

                                First Transcontinental automobile trip SF-NYC (5/23-8/1)

                                Panama declares independence with US support (11/3)

                                Panama Canal Treaty signed (11/18)

                                Kitty Hawk flight (12/17)

                                Iroquois Theatre fire in Chicago kills over 600 people (12/30)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Women's Social and Political Union firmed in Britian by suffragette Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst

                                Russian Social Democratic Party meets in London - split between Mensheviks and Bolsheviks

                                Trans-Siberian railway completed

                                General agitation about appalling labour conditions in Congo Free State

                                Panama achieves independence from Colombia

                                Alaska boundary determined

                                Elkins Act

                                Wilbur and Orville Wright conduct first successful airplane flight - Kitty Hawk

                                Twsett's studies in adsorption chromatography

                                Alexander I -                         (Serbia)                                                 King

                                Peter I +                                (Serbia)                                                 King (Karadjordjevic) (-1921)

                                Leo XIII -

                                Pius X +

                                Seattle Symphony Orchestra forms (12/29)

                                Minnesota Orchestra forms (1903)

                                Jeji Pastorkna (Jenufa)                                     Janacek

                                Estampes                                                               Debussy

                                Pagodes                                                                                Debussy

                                Sinfonia domestica                                             R. Strauss

                                Trois Pieces en forme de poire                          Satie

                                Adorno, Theodor                                                                 1903-1969

                                Baker, Josephine                                                                  1903-                       Singer

                                Ball, Eric (sp?)                                                                       1903-1989               Musician

                                Beiderbecke, Bix                                                                   1903-1931               Musician

                                Berkeley, Lennox                                                                  1903-1989               Composer

                                Cornell, Joseph                                                                     1903-1973

                                Crosby, Bing                                                                         1903-1977               Singer

                                Hepworth, Barabara                                                             1903-1975

                                Hines, Earl Kenneth                                                             1903-1983               Musician

                                Khachaturian, Aram Il’yich                                                1903-1978               Composer

                                Mankiewicz, Joseph L.                                                        1903-1993               Director  (1911)

                                Neumann, John von                                                            1903-1957

                                Noble, Ray                                                                            1903-                       Composer

                                Onsanger, Lars                                                                     1903-1976

                                Orwell, George                                                                      1903-1950               Writer

                                Ozu, Yasujiro                                                                        1903-1963

                                Powell, C. F.                                                                          1903-1969

                                Ramsey, F. P.                                                                        1903-1930

                                Rothko, Mark                                                                        1903-1970               Painter

                                Serkin, Rudolf                                                                       1903-                       Classical Pianist

                                Dickinson, Thorold                                                              1903-1984               Director

                                Walton, Ernest T. S.                                                            1903-1995

                                West, Nathanael                                                                  1903-1940               Writer

                                Williams, Big Joe                                                                  1903-1982               Musician

                                Yourcenar, Marguerite                                                        1903-1987

                                Abbot, Francis Ellingwood                                                1836-1903

                                Bain, Alexander                                                                    1818-1903

                                Gauguin, Paul                                                                       1848-1903               Painter

                                Gibbs, Josiah Willard                                                          1839-1903

                                Mommsen, Christian Matthias Theodor                          1817-1903               Historian (Germany)

                                Olmsted, Frederick Law                                                       1822-1903

                                Pissarro, Camille                                                                   1830-1903               Painter

                                Sadlier, Mary Anne Madden                                             1820-1903

                                Spencer, Herbert                                                                  1820-1903               Philosopher

                                Stokes, George Gabriel                                                        1819-1903

                                Whistler, James Abbott McNeill                                       1834-1903

                                Wolf, Hugo                                                                           1860-1903               Composer

1904                        Water-lilies (Claude Monet)

                                Children of Wrath (Jeppe Aakjaer) novel

                                The Cherry Orchard (Chekhov)

                                Historique du mouvement de la paix (Passy)

                                Peter Pan (Barrie)

                                Jean Christophe (Roland)

                                The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (Freud)

                                Rooselvelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine - presents in his address to Congress (1/6)

                                Russia and Japan at war (Russo-Japanese War) (-1905)

                                Entente Cordiale (friendly understanding) reached between Great Britain and France (Anglo-French Entente)

                                Belgian commission investigates labour conditions in Congo Free State

                                British explorer Sir Francis Younghusband enters Lhasa (Tibet) - treaty opens Tibet to western trade

                                Thirteenth Dalai Lama flees to Mongolia

                                Panama zone aquired by US on lease

                                First Antidumping Law passed in Canada

                                St. Louis World Exposotion

                                London Symphony Orchestra forms

                                Madame Butterfly                                                Puccini

                                String Quartet in F                                             Ravel

                                Little Johnny Jones                                             George M. Cohen

                                Cantata for mixed choir and piano                 Stravinsky

                                "Yankee Doodle Dandy"                                   George M. Cohen

                                "Give My Regards to Broadway"                     George M. Cohen

                                Addinsell, Richard                                                               1904-1977               Composer

                                Basie, Count                                                                         1904-1981               Composer

                                Cadmus, Paul                                                                        1904-1999

                                Campbell, Joseph                                                                 1904-1987               Anthropologist

                                Cherenkov, P. A.                                                                  1904-1990

                                Dali, Salvador                                                                       1904-1989               Painter

                                Dallapiccola, Luigi                                                               1904-1975               Composer

                                De Kooning, Willem                                                            1904-1997               Painter

                                Hamilton, Anthony Walter Patrick                                    1904-1962

                                Hawkins, Coleman                                                               1904-1969               Musician

                                Herzberg, Gerard                                                                  1904-1999

                                Johnson, Pete                                                                       1904-1967               Musician

                                Kabalevsky, Dmitri Borisovich                                          1904-1987               Composer

                                Kenp, James Hal                                                                   1904-1940               Musician

                                Lerner, Frederick                                                                  1904-1988

                                Martinson, Harry                                                                 1904-1978

                                McDowell, Mississippi Fred                                              1904-1979               Musician

                                Milstein, Nathan                                                                  1904-                       Musician

                                Neel, Luis Eugene                                                                1904-

                                Neruda, Pablo (Neftali Ricardo Reyes B)                         1904-1973

                                Noguchi, Isamu                                                                    1904-1988               Sculptor/Architect (Japan)

                                Oppenheimer, Robert                                                          1904-1967               Physicist

                                Perelman, Sydney Joseph                                                   1904-1979

                                Pourbaix, Marcel                                                                  1904-1998

                                Red, Tampa                                                                           1904-1981               Musician

                                Singer, Isaac Bashevis                                                        1904-1991

                                Stevens, George                                                                   1904-1979

                                Waller, Fats                                                                           1904-1943               Musician

                                Wisdom, John                                                                      1904-1993

                                Bohtlingk, Otto von                                                             1815-1904

                                Chekhov, Anton                                                                  1860-1904

                                Chopin, Kate O’Flaherty                                                     1851-1904

                                Dvorak, Antonin                                                                  1841-1904

                                Emmett, Dan                                                                          1815-1904               Composer

                                Gerome, Jean-Leon                                                              1824-1904               Painter (Vesoul, France)

                                Heade, Martin Johnson                                                      1819-1904

                                Heinze, Gustaf Adolf                                                           1820-1904               Composer

                                Herzl, Theodor                                                                      1860-1904               Zionist

                                LaTour, Henri Fantin                                                           1836-1904

                                Ratzel, Friedrich                                                                    1844-1904

1905                        Family of Saltimbanques (Picasso)

                                House of Mirth (Wharton)

                                Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (Freud)

                                The Cubist Decade (-1915)

                                Golden Dome at al-Alskari Mosque is added in Samarra

                                Bloody Sunday - troops fire on workers in St. Petersburg, Russia - several killed - general strike (1/22G) (1/9J)

                                Battle of Mukden - last major land battle of Russo-Japanese War - Japan defeat Russians (2/20) -(3/10)

                                Kaiser Wilhelm II arrives in Tangier, Morocco (3/31)

                                Battle of Tsushima - Japan destroys Russian fleet (5/27-29)

                                Maji Maji Rising begins (German East Africa) (7)          (-1907)

                                Treaty of Portsmouth - ends Russo-Japanese War (9/5) (8/23J old style)

                                October Manifesto -  issued by Tsar Nicholas II granting limited reforms (10/30) (10/17Old Style Julian)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                Reforming liberal government in Britain

                                United Socialist Party forms in France

                                Pope Leo XIII's letter condemns labor conditions

                                Russian Revolution (-1906)

                                Moscow uprisings - general strike and revolution in Russia

                                Church and state separated in France - repudiation of Concordat of 1801 (except Alsace & Lorraine)

                                Norway becomes an independent kingdom separate from Sweden

                                First Morroccan Crisis begins - between France and Germany

                                Constitutional Revolution in Iran (-1909)

                                Bengal partitioned - arouses strong nationalist feelings in India

                                Chinese civil service examination system abolished

                                Sun Yat Set organizes a revolutionary league in Japan - the T'ung Meng Hui

                                Port Arthur falls to Japan

                                Niagra Falls Convention - US

                                Oscar II -                               (Norway)(Swenden)                             House of Bernadotte

                                Haakon VII +                        (Norway)

                                Lord Curzon +                     (India)                                                    Governor General (1899-)

                                Albert Einstein's Special Relativity Theory

                                Wilstatter's first chemical investigations in photosynthesis

                                Sime starts Variety magazine

                                La Mer                                                                   Debussy

                                Suite bergamasque                                             Debussy

                                Salome                                                                   R. Strauss

                                The Merry Widow                                                Lehar

                                D Minor String Quartet                                     Schoenberg

                                Chamber Symphony                                            Schoenberg

                                Alwyn, William                                                                     1905-1985               Composer

                                Anderson, C. D.                                                                   1905-1991

                                Arlen, Harold                                                                        1905-1986               Songwriter

                                Bloch, Felix                                                                            1905-1983

                                Bozza, Eugene                                                                      1905-                       Musician

                                Canetti, Elias                                                                         1905-1994

                                Chagrin, Francis                                                                   1905-1972               Composer (Romania)

                                De Mille, Agnes                                                                   1905-1993

                                Dorsey, Tommy                                                                    1905-1956               Musician

                                Euler, Ulf Svante von                                                          1905-1983

                                Halffter, Ernesto                                                                   1905-1989               Musician

                                Hempel, Carl Gustav                                                            1905-1997

                                Koestler, Arthur                                                                   1905-1983

                                Kosma, Joseph                                                                     1905-1969

                                Lambert, Constant                                                               1905-1951               Composer (London, England)

                                Lenard, Philip Edward Anton                                             1905-1991

                                Mott, Nevill F.                                                                      1905-1996

                                Panova, Vera Fedorovna                                                    1905-1973

                                Rand, Ayn                                                                             1905-1982               Philosopher

                                Rawsthorne, Alan                                                                1905-1971               Musician

                                Rexroth, Kenneth                                                                 1905-1982

                                Sartre, Jean Paul                                                                   1905-1980               Philosopher/Writer

                                Segre, Emilio                                                                         1905-1989

                                Seiber, Matyas                                                                     1905-1960               Musician

                                Sholokhov, Michail Aleksandrovich                                1905-1984

                                Tippett, Sir Michael Kemp                                                  1905-                       Musician

                                Tubin, Eduard                                                                       1905-1982               Musician

                                Wiren, Dag Ivar                                                                    1905-1986               Musician

                                Abbe, Ernst                                                                           1840-1905

                                Cervantes, Ignatio                                                               1847-1905               Composer

                                Haupt, Herman                                                                     1817-1905

                                Komzak, Karel                                                                       1850-1905               Composer

                                Richthofen, Ferdinand von                                                 1883-1905

                                Verne, Jules                                                                           1828-1905

                                Webb, Charles Henry                                                          1834-1905

1906                        Unicorns (Arthur Brown Davies)

                                Figures in Landscape (Louis Michel Eilshemius)

                                Girl (Georges Rouault)

                                Posters at Trouville (Raoul Dufy)

                                Landscape in Provence (Andre Derain)

                                London Bridge (Andre Derain)

                                Songs of the Rye (Jeppe Aakjaer)                     poems

                                The Jungle (Upton Sinclair)                               fiction

                                Lectures on Modern History (Acton)

                                Algeciras Conference convenes- international meeting to discuss Morocco - French rights recognized - (1/16)

                                Algeciras Conference ends (4/7)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                First Labour MPs returned in British general election - Labour Party forms

                                HMS Dreadnought - first modern battleship launches in Britain

                                French officer Alfred Dreyfus declared innocent of treason on retrial

                                First Russian Duma (representative body) meets -is dissolved                  

                                Muslim League founded (India)

                                Liberal revolution in Persia - Shah Nasir ud-Din grants constitution

                                Burke Act - softens 25 yearr land ownership probationary period for Indians

                                San Francisco earthquake and fire

                                Christian IX -                       (Denmark)

                                Frederick VIII +                  (Denmark)

                                Emile Francois Loubet -     (France)

                                Clement Fallieres +            (France)

                                Victor introduces Victrola record player

                                First Mozart festival in Salzburg

                                The Unanswered Question                                Ives

                                Kammersymphonie                                              Schoenberg

                                First String Quartet                                            Schoenberg

                                George Washington Jr.                                      George M. Cohen

                                "You're a Grand Old Flag"                                  George M. Cohen

                                Allen, Henry Red                                                                 1906-1967               (1908)

                                Beckett, Samuel                                                                    1906-1989

                                Bethe, Hans Albrecht                                                          1906-

                                Bigard, Albany Barney                                                       1906-1980

                                Blume, Peter                                                                          1906-

                                Cooke, Arnold                                                                      1906-                       Musician

                                Creston, Paul                                                                        1906-1985               Musician

                                Darby, Blind Teddy                                                             1906-

                                Dorati, Antal                                                                         1906-1988               Conductor (Budapest, Hungary)

                                Frankel, Benjamin                                                                 1906-1973               Musician

                                Gideon, Miriam                                                                     1906-1996               Musician

                                Goodman, Nelson                                                                1906-1998

                                Hofmann, Albert                                                                  1906-2008

                                Ingle, Red                                                                              1906-                       Musician

                                Jones, Curtis                                                                         1906-1971

                                Mayer, Maria Goeppert                                                       1906-1972

                                Montgomery, Little Brother                                               1906-1985               Musician

                                Rossellini, Roberto                                                              1906-1977

                                Ruska, Ernst                                                                          1906-1988

                                Sykes, Roosevelt                                                                 1906-1983

                                Sabin, Albert Bruce                                                             1906-

                                Shostakovich, Dmitri                                                           1906-1975               Composer

                                Smith, David                                                                         1906-1965               Sculptor (Decatur, Indiana)

                                Tomonaga, Shinichiro                                                         1906-1979

                                Visconti, Luchino                                                                 1906-1976              

                                Anthony, Susan Brownell                                                  1820-1906

                                Arensky, Anton Stepanovich                                            1861-1906               Composer

                                Boltzmann, Ludwig                                                              1844-1906

                                Cezanne, Paul                                                                       1839-1906               Painter

                                Curie, Pierre                                                                           1859-1906

                                Dresser, Paul                                                                         1859-1906               Composer (Indiana, US)

                                Hurlstone, William Yeats                                                    1876-1906               Composer

                                Hartmann, Edward von                                                       1842-1906

                                Isben, Henrik                                                                        1828-1906              

                                Paine, John Knowles                                                           1839-1906               Composer

1907                        Les Aliviers a Menton (Henri Harpignes)

                                Charmeuse de serpents (Henri Rousseau)

                                Ice Bridge over the St. Lawrence (James Wilson Morrice)

                                La Luxe (Henri Matisse)

                                The kiss (Gustav Klimt) (1908) (1911)

                                Place de Clichy, Paris (Charles Camoin)

                                Fernand Fleuret (Othon Friesz)

                                Self-Portrait with Model (Ernst Kirchner)

                                Les Demoiselles d’avignon (Pablo Picasso)

                                Stag at Sharkey's (George Wesley Bellows)

                                Pragmatism (James)

                                The Playboy of the Western World (Synge)

                                History of Freedom (Acton)

                                Historical Essays and Studies (Acton)

                                Iran is informed of the Anglo-Russian accord which delineated Russian/British spheres of influence (9/16)

                                Hague Convention of 1907 signed (10/8)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Second Hague Peace Conference - Germany opposes proposed arms limitation

                                Entente Cordiale - between Russia and Great Britain (Anglo-Russian Entente)

                                Triple Entente - between Great Britain, France, Russia,

                                Triple Alliance - between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

                                Second Duma dismissed in Russia - Third Duma (more conservative) forms (-1912)

                                Dominion of New Zealand established

                                Oscar II -                               (Sweden)                                                House of Bernadotte

                                Gustavus V +                        (Sweden)                                                House of Bernadotte

                                First music radio broadcast

                                The Golden Cockerel                                         Rimsky-Korsakov

                                Symphony of a Thousand                                   Mahler  

                                Poem of Ecstasy                                                   Scriabin 

                                Symphony in E-flat Major                                  Stravinsky

                                Ammons, Albert                                                                   1907-1949               Pianist

                                Auden, Wystan Hugh                                                        1907-1973               Poet (York, England)

                                Barzun, Jacques                                                                   1907-

                                Blunt, Anthony Frederick                                                   1907-

                                Bohrod, Aaron                                                                     1907-1992

                                Calloway, Cab                                                                       1907-1994               Musician

                                Carter, Benny                                                                        1907-                       Musician

                                Eames, Charles                                                                     1907-1978

                                Fortner, Wolfgang                                                               1907-                       Musician

                                Guarnieri, Mozart Camargo                                                 1907-                       Musician

                                Heinlein, Robert Anson                                                      1907-1988               Writer

                                Heschel, Abraham Joshua                                                  1907-

                                Hoar, Thomas Percy                                                            1907-1978

                                Hodges, Johnny                                                                   1907-1970               Musician

                                Jensen, J. Hans D.                                                                1907-1973

                                Kahlo, Frida                                                                          1907-1954               Painter

                                Lindgren, Astrid                                                                   1907-2002

                                Maconchy, Elizabeth                                                           1907-                       Musician

                                Porter, Fairfield                                                                     1907-1975               Painter

                                Rozsa, Miklos                                                                       1907-                       Composer

                                Sunnyland Slim                                                                    1907-1995               Musician

                                Yukawa, Hideki                                                                     1907-1981

                                Berthelot, Pierre Eugene Marcelin                                     1827-1907               Chemist (France)

                                Bodley, George Frederick                                                   1827-1907               Architect (England)

                                Carducci, Giosue                                                                  1835-1907

                                Fischer, Kuno                                                                       1824-1907

                                Grieg, Edvard Hagerup                                                        1843-1907               Composer

                                Grondahl, Agathe Backer                                                   1847-1907               Composer

                                Joachim, Joseph                                                                   1831-1907               Composer

                                Lovreglio, Donato                                                                1841-1907               Composer

                                Kelvin, William Thompson                                                 1824-1907

                                Mendelejeff, Dmitri Ivanovich                                           1834-1907

                                Moisson, Henri                                                                    1852-1907

                                Olcott, Henry Steel                                                              1832-1907

                                Perkin, William Henry                                                          1838-1907

                                Peto, John Frederick                                                            1854-1907

                                Prudhomme, (Sully) Rene Francois Armond                   1839-1907

                                Saint-Gaudens, Augustus                                                  1848-1907               Sculptor (Dublin, Ireland --->US)

                                Thompson, Francis                                                              1859-1907

1908                        The Young Bathers (John Sloan)

                                The Kiss (Brancusi)

                                Walter Lestikow - Bust (Georg Kolbe)

                                Neue Gedichte (Rilke)

                                Reflections on Violence (Georges Sorel)

                                Kaiser Wilhelm: "Germany must have a powerful (naval) fleet to protect that commerce"(10/27)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Bulgaria becomes an independent kingdom separate from Ottoman Empire

                                Austria annexes Bosnia  and Herzegovina

                                Revolution in Ottoman Empire led by young Turk movement (Committee of Union of Progress)

                                Turkish Constitution restored by Young Turk revolt (-1909)

                                Crete proclaims union with Greece

                                Belgium takes over Congo Free State - changes name to Belgian Congo

                                Successful counter-revolution in Persia - supported by Russia

                                Model T Ford produced

                                Ferdinand -                           (Bulgaria)                                             Prince (from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha)

                                Ferdinand I +                        (Bulgaria)                                             King

                                Carlos I -                               (Portugal)                                             House of Braganza

                                Emanuel II +                         (Portugal)                                             House of Braganza

                                Dezong Jing -                       (China)                                                  (1875-)   9th Qing Dynasty (Guangxu Era)

                                Tz'u Hsi -                              (China)                                                  Empress

                                Columbia mass produces double sided discs

                                Mahler becomes principal conductor of the Met in NY

                                Das Lied von der Erde                                        Mahler

                                Children’s Corner                                               Debussy

                                Rapsodie Espagnole                                           Ravel

                                Steichquartett Nr. 1, op 7                                  Bartok    (-1909)

                                "Shine on Harvest Moon"                                 Tin Pan Alley

                                Alfven, Hans Olof                                                                1908-1995

                                Rola, Balthazar Klossowski de (Balthus)                         1908-2001              

                                Allen, Henry Red                                                                 1908-1967               Musician

                                Bardeen, John                                                                       1908-1991

                                Beauvoir, Simon de                                                              1908-1986

                                Bresson, Henri Cartier-                                                        1908-2004

                                Carter, Elliot                                                                          1908-                       Composer

                                Ferguson, Howard                                                               1908-                       Musician

                                Frank, Ilya M.                                                                       1908-1990

                                Gordon, Cyrus H.                                                                 1908-

                                Hampton, Lionel                                                                   1908-2002               Musician

                                Johnson, Lyndon B.                                                            1908-1973               Politician

                                Landau, L. D.                                                                        1908-1968

                                Lion, Alfred                                                                           1908-                       Musician

                                Merleau-Ponty, Maurice                                                     1908-1961

                                Messaien, Olivier                                                                 1908-                       Composer

                                Levi-Strauss, Claude                                                           1908-

                                Price, Sammy                                                                         1908-1992

                                Quine, Willard van Orman                                                  1908-

                                Roethke, Theodore                                                              1908-1963               Poet (U.S.)

                                Ronell, Ann                                                                           1908-1993

                                Tveitt, Geirr                                                                           1908-1981               Composer (Norway)

                                Becquerel, Antoine Henri                                                   1852-1908

                                Caird, Edward                                                                       1835-1908

                                Cleveland, Grover                                                                1837-1908

                                Dietrich, Albert                                                                     1829-1908               Composer

                                Libert, George Emil                                                               1820-1908

                                Macdowell, Edward Alexander                                          1860-1908               Composer

                                Noskowski, Zygmunt                                                          1846-1908               Composer (Poland)

                                Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolay Andreyevich                        1844-1908               Composer

                                Sarasate, Pablo Martin Meliton de                                    1844-1908               Composer

                                Taffanel, Claude Paul                                                          1844-1908               Composer

1909                        Three A.M. (John Sloan)

                                Design for a set for "Prince Igor" (Nikolai Roerich)

                                Glasses (Mikhail Larionov)

                                Seated Nude (Pablo Picasso)

                                Frank Lloyd Wright designs Robie House

                                Liliom (Ferenc Molnar)

                                Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (Freud)

                                John Brown (W.E.B. Du Bois)

                                Drilling begins on Lakeview Oil Gusher in Kern County, California (1/1)

                                Columbia recognizes independence of Panama (1/5)

                                Shackleton Expedition reaches magnetic South Pole (1/16)

                                Anglo-Siamese Treaty signed in Bangkok - dividedes northern Malay states into two parts (3/10)

                                American explorer Robert Peary reaches North Pole after seven visits to the Arctic (4/6)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                First cross English Channel flight by Louis Bleriot

                                Old age pensions introduced in Great Britain

                                Union of South Africa forms

                                Young Turks defeat Sultans

                                Sultan Abdul Hamid II of Ottoman Empire overthrown in Turkey

                                Indian Council Act - increases elected membership on Indian councils (India)

                                Morley-Minto Reforms (India)

                                American Manufacturer Henry Ford begins assambly line production of cheap motor cars

                                Mexican Indians visit Porfirio Diaz to air greivances about their land rights

                                NAACP founded

                                Freud and Jung visit the United States to lecture at Clark University

                                Leopold II -                            (Belgium)                                              (1865)    Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Albert I +                               (Belgium)                                              House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Abdulhamid II -                    (Ottoman Empire)                                Sultan

                                Mehmet V +                          (Ottoman Empire)                                Sultan

                                Xuantong +                           (China)                                                  (-1912)   10th Qing Dynasty

                                Theodore Roosevelt -          (United States)                                     (1901-)   President

                                Wlliam Howard Taft +        (United States)                                     (-1913)   President

                                Nobel Prize (Physics) - Carl Ferdinand Braun / Marconi - wireless telegraphy

                                Word "gene" is coined by Wilhelm Johannsen to describe a fundamental unit of heredity

                                Elektra                                                                  Richard  Strauss

                                Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis          Ralph Vaughan Williams

                                Piano Pieces, Op. 11                                          Schoenberg

                                Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 16                    Schoenberg

                                Agee, James                                                                          1909-1955               Writer

                                Bacon, Francis                                                                      1909-1992               Painter

                                Black, Max                                                                             1909-1988               Analytical Philosopher (Baku, Russia)

                                Constantinescu, Paul                                                          1909-1963               Musician

                                Drucker, Peter Ferdinand                                                    1909-2005               "Social Ecologist"

                                Goodman, Benjamin David                                                 1909-1986               Musician

                                Holmboe, Vagn                                                                     1909-1996               Composer

                                Kazanjoglous, Elia                                                               1909-2003

                                Krupa, Gene                                                                          1909-1973               Musician

                                Mee, Margaret Ursala                                                         1909-1988

                                Mercer, Johnny                                                                    1909-1976               Musician

                                Nighthawk, Robert                                                               1909-1967               Musician

                                Parkinson, C. Northcote                                                      1909-1993

                                Tatum, Art                                                                             1909-1956               Musician

                                Tatum, Edward Lawrie                                                         1909-1975               Geneticist (Boulder, CO)

                                Webster, Ben                                                                        1909-1973               Musician

                                Welty, Eudora                                                                      1909-2001               Writer (Jackson, Mississippi)

                                Young, Lester                                                                       1909-1959               Musician

                                Albeniz, Isaac Manuel Francisco                                      1860-1909               Composer

                                Buck, Dudley                                                                        1839-1909               Composer

                                Geronimo                                                                               1829-1909

                                Karlowicz, Mieczyslaw                                                        1876-1909               Composer

                                Lombroso                                                                              1836-1909

                                Martucci, Giuseppe                                                             1856-1909               Composer

                                Meredith, George                                                                 1828-1909

                                Red Cloud                                                                             1821-1909               Oglala Chief

                                Remington, Frederic                                                            1861-1909

                                Swinburne, Algernon Charles                                            1837-1909

                                Synge, John Millington                                                      1871-1909               Poet/Dramatist (Dublin, Ireland)

                                Tarrega, Francesco                                                              1852-1909               Composer

1910                        The Dream (Henri Rousseau)

                                Flowers (Henri Rousseau)

                                The Regatta (Raoul Dufy)

                                Cats (Natalya Gontcharova)

                                Violin and Jug (Georges Braque)

                                L'Impasse Cottin (Maurice Utrillo)

                                Dr. August Forel (Oskar Kokoschka)

                                L'Heresiarche et Cie (Apollinaire)

                                The Tragedy of Pompey the Great (Masefield)

                                Lectures on the French Revolution (Acton)

                                Principia Mathematica (Russell / Whitehead)

                                Willful Peggy (D.W. Griffith) (8/25) (8/29)

                                British suffragette movement becomes increasingly militant

                                Revolution in Portugal - becomes a republic

                                Union of South Africa becomes independent dominion within British Empire

                                Japan annexes Korea

                                Mexican Revolution begins

                                Madera gains power in Mexico

                                Edward VII -                          (England)                                               King

                                George V +                           (England)                                               King

                                Emanuel II +                         (Portugal)                                             House of Braganza

                                Nicholas I -                           (Montenegro)                                       Prince

                                Nicholas I +                          (Montenegro)                                       King

                                Discovery of protons and electrons

                                International Psychoanalytical Association founded - Jung president

                                HMV

                                First volume of Cowboy songs published

                                Mahler's Eighth Symphony "Symphony of a Thousand" premiers in Munich

                                Preludes, book 1                                                 Debussy

                                Sea Symphony                                                      Vaughan Williams                                               

                                Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis           Vaughan Williams (1909)

                                Daphnis et Chloe                                                                Ravel

                                Ma Mere l'Oye                                                     Ravel

                                Allegro Barbaro                                                  Bartok

                                The Firebird                                                         Stravinsky

                                "Down by the Old Mill Stream"                         Tin Pan Alley

                                "Let Me Call You Sweetheart"

                                Ayer, Alfred Jules                                                                1910-1989

                                Barber, Samuel                                                                      1910-1981               Composer

                                Dimas, Blas Galindo                                                             1910-                       Musician

                                Genet, Jean                                                                            1910-1986               Writer

                                Glaser, Werner Wolf                                                            1910-                       Musician

                                Kline, Franz                                                                           1910-1962

                                Kurosawa, Akira                                                                  1910-1998               Filmmaker (Japan)

                                North, Alex                                                                            1910-1991               Composer

                                Reinhardt, Django                                                                1910-1953               Musician

                                Schaeffer, Henri Pierre                                                         1910-1995               Musician

                                Schuman, William Howard                                                  1910-1992               Composer

                                Shaw, Artie                                                                           1910-2004               Musician

                                Shockley, W. B.                                                                    1910-1989

                                Subrahmanyan, Chandrasekhar                                         1910-1995

                                Balakirev, Mili Alexayevich                                                1837-1910               Composer

                                Bjornsun, Bjornstjerne Martinus                                       1832-1910

                                Browne, Borden Parker                                                       1847-1910

                                Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain)                                         1835-1910               Writer

                                Cross, Henri Edmund                                                          1856-1910

                                Homer, Winslow                                                                  1836-1910               Painter

                                Hunt, Holman                                                                       1827-1910

                                James, William                                                                      1842-1910

                                Reinecke, Carl Heinrich Carsten                                        1824-1910               Composer

                                Rousseau, Henri                                                                   1844-1910

                                Tolstoy, Leo                                                                         1828-1910

                                Zabel, Albert Heinrich                                                         1834-1910               Composer

1911                        The Zoo (Roger Fry)

                                Interior with Eggplants (Henri Matisse)

                                Mornington Crescent (Spencer Gore)

                                Jolts of a Cab (Carlo Carra)

                                The Street Enters the House (Umberto Boccioni)

                                Tea-time (Jean Metzinger)

                                Landscape in Lofhus (Karl Schmidt-Rottluff)

                                Bathing (Duncan Grant)

                                Music (Luigi Russolo)

                                I and the village (Marc Chagall)

                                La Nostalgie de l'infini (Giorgio de Chirico)

                                Ethan Frome (Wharton)

                                Mind of Primitive Man (Franz Boas)

                                QING -

                                REPUBLIC OF CHINA +

                                Second Morocco Crisis (Agadir Crisis)  begins between France and Germany (7/1)

                                Parliament Act - reduces power of House of Lords in Great Britain (8/11)

                                Pyotr Stolypin, Russian Prime Minister is assassinated (9/18)    (9/5 O.S)

                                Italy attacks and occupies Tripoli, Lybia - war with Ottoman Empire (10/3)

                                Wuchang Uprising - in southern China starts the Xinhai Revolution which overthrows the Qing Dynasty (10/11)

                                Francisco Madero becomes president of Mexico (11/6)

                                Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his team are the first to reach South Pole (12/14)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                British MPs receive salaries for the first time

                                Germany sends gunboat to Morocco but withdraws claims

                                Sun Yat-sen leads revolution in China and overthrows Manchu Dynasty

                                Revolution in Mexico overthrows Porfirio Diaz - period of disorder follows

                                Mubarak Ali Khan -            (Hyderabad)                                          Nizam

                                Usman Ali Khan +               (Hyderabad)                                          Nizam

                                Sun Yat Sen +                      (1st Chinese Republic)                       (-1912)   Provisional President

                                Porfirio Diaz -                      (Mexico)                                                (1877-)   President

                                Francisco Madero +            (Mexico)                                                President

                                Freud has falling out with Jung and Adler - mainly on the issue of infantile sexuality

                                Scott Joplin's Treemonisha performed in New York

                                San Francisco Symphony Orchestra forms

                                Das Lied von der Erde                                        Mahler

                                L'Heure espagnole                                              Ravel

                                Der Rosenkavalier                                              R.Strauss

                                Fourth Symphony                                                                R, Strauss

                                Treemonisha                                                         Joplin

                                Duke Bluebeard's Castle                                   Bartok

                                Petrushka                                                             Stravinsky

                                Alain, Jehan                                                                          1911-1940               Musician

                                Alvarez, Luis W.                                                                  1911-1988

                                Austin, John Langshaw                                                      1911-1960

                                Ball, Lucille                                                                            1911-1989               Actress / Comedian

                                Bjorling, Jussi                                                                       1911-1960               Opera Tenor (Sweden)

                                Bourgeois, Louise                                                                1911-2010

                                Cobb, Lee J.                                                                          1911-1976               Actor

                                Eldridge, Roy                                                                        1911-1989               Musician

                                Elenescu, Emanuel                                                               1911-2003               Musician/Conductor

                                Elytis, Odysseus (Alepoudhelis)                                      1911-1996                              

                                Fowler, William A.                                                               1911-1995

                                Golding, William                                                                   1911-1993               Writer

                                Herrmann, Bernard                                                               1911-1975               Composer

                                Hovhaness, Alan                                                                 1911-2000               Composer

                                Jackson, Mahalia                                                                 1911-1972               Singer

                                Johnson, Robert                                                                   1911-1938               Musician

                                Kusch, Polycarp                                                                   1911-1993

                                Mahfouz, Naguib                                                                 1911-2006               Writer (Egypt)

                                McLuhan, Marshall                                                             1911-1980

                                Menotti, Gian Carlo                                                             1911- 2007               Composer

                                Milosz, Czeslaw                                                                    1911-2004               Poet

                                Monroe, Vaughan                                                                1911-1973               Musician

                                Neame, Ronald                                                                     1911-2010               Filmmaker             

                                Patchen, Kenneth                                                                1911-1972

                                Red, Piano                                                                             1911-1985               Musician

                                Rockmore, Clara                                                                   1911-1998

                                Rota, Nino                                                                             1911-1979               Composer

                                Seaton, George                                                                     1911-1979               Screenwriter/Director

                                Terrell, Saunders (Sonny Terry)                                        1911-1986               Musician

                                Turner, Big Joe                                                                     1911-1985               Musician              

                                Ussachevsky, Vladimir                                                        1911-1990               Composer

                                Williams, Thomas Lanier (Tennesee)                               1911-1983               Playwright

                                Abbey, Edwin Austin                                                         1852-1911

                                Bland, James                                                                         1854-1911               Composer

                                Ciurlionis, Mikolajus Konstantinas                                  1875-1911               Composer

                                Dilthey, Wilhelm                                                                  1833-1911

                                Gilbert, William Schwenck                                                  1836-1911               Composer

                                Guilmant, Felix Alexandre                                                   1837-1911               Composer

                                Kopylov, Alexander                                                            1854-1911               Composer

                                Mahler, Gustav                                                                     1860-1911               Composer

                                Pulitzer, Joseph                                                                    1847-1911

                                Pyle, Howard                                                                        1853-1911

                                Svendsen, Johann                                                                               1840-1911               Composer

1912                        Olga - Girl with a Feathered Hat (Alexei von Jawlensky)

                                Improvisation (Wassily Kandinsky)

                                Solo of Black Line (Frantisek Kupka)

                                Spring Breezes, High Park (James MacDonald)

                                Window at Vers (Andre Derain)

                                The Bathers (Albert Gleizes)

                                Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin (Gino Severini)

                                The Window (Robert Delaunay)

                                Cavalry (Marc Chagall)

                                Nude Descending a staircase, No. 2 (Marcel Duchamp)             

                                Bildnis Ida Roessler (Egon Schiele)

                                Jewish Family (Mark Gertler)

                                Walking Woman (Alexander Archipenko)

                                Technical Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture (Boccioni)

                                Titanic sinks with loss of 1513 lives (4/15)

                                Treaty of Ouchy - ends Italo-Turkish war - Tripoli ceded to Italy (10/18)

                                 ------------------------------------------------------

                                Miners' strike in Britain

                                Fourth Russian Duma (-1916)

                                First Balkan War - Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, and Montenegro against Ottoman Empire (-1913)

                                French protectorate established in Morocco - Spanish zone defined by agreement

                                Delhi becomes capital of India

                                Republic froms in China

                                Universal compulsory male suffrage law passes in Argentina

                                Frederick VIII -                   (Denmark)

                                Christian X +                       (Denmark)

                                Xuantong -                            (Manchu China)                                   (1909-1912)10th Qing Dynasty

                                Sun Yat Sen -                       (1st Chinese Republic)                       (-1912)   Provisional President

                                Yuan Shih-k'ai + (Republic of China)                             (1912-1916)1st President

                                Columbia discontinues manufacture of cylinders

                                Ariadne auf Naxos                                              R.Strauss

                                “Memphis Blues”                                                W.C. Handy

                                Pierrot Lunaire                                                   Bartok

                                Daphnis et Chloe                                                Ravel

                                Antonioni, Michelangelo                                                   1912-2007               Filmmaker

                                Cage, John                                                                            1912-1992               Musician

                                Cheever, John                                                                       1912-1982

                                Como, Perry                                                                          1912-2001               Musician

                                Evans, Gil                                                                              1912-1988               Composer

                                Everson, William                                                                  1912-1994

                                Francaix, Jean                                                                       1912-1997               Composer

                                Guthrie, Woody                                                                   1912-1967               Musician

                                Hopkins, Sam Lightning                                                     1912-1982               Musician

                                Louis, Morris                                                                        1912-1962               Painter (Baltimore, U.S.)

                                Machito                                                                                 1912-1984               Musician

                                Pollock, Jackson                                                                   1912-1956               Painter

                                Purcell, E. M.                                                                         1912-1997

                                Seaborg, Glenn T.                                                                1912-1999               Nuclear Physicist

                                Toscano, Salvador                                                               1912-1949

                                White, Patrick                                                                       1912-1990

                                Wilson, Teddy                                                                     1912-1986               Musician

                                Barton, Clara                                                                         1821-1912

                                Blockx, Jan                                                                            1851-1912               Composer

                                Coleridge-Taylor, Samuel                                                   1875-1912               Composer

                                Gairdner, James                                                                    1828-1912

                                Hasselmans, Alphonse                                                       1845-1912               Composer

                                Massenet, Jules Emile Frederic                                          1842-1912               Composer

                                Passy, Frederic                                                                     1822-1912

                                Poincare, Jules Henri                                                           1854-1912               Mathematician/Physicist  (France)

                                Reynolds, Osborne                                                              1842-1912

                                Strindberg, August                                                              1849-1912

                                Toepler,                                                                                 1836-1912

1913                        The Promenade (Maurice Brazil Predergast)

                                Dining Room in the Country (Pierre Bonnard)

                                Swifts: Paths of Movement and Dynamic Sequences (Balla)

                                Sunday, Women Drying their Hair (John Sloan)

                                Mademoiselle Yvonne Duchamp (Jacques Villon)

                                The Fate of Animals (Franz Marc)

                                Musical Forms (Georges Braque)

                                Terre Sauvage (Mount Ararat) (Alexander Jackson)

                                The Anguish of Departure (de Chirico)

                                The Mud Bath (David Bomberg)                                                                                       (1890-1957)

                                Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (Boccioni)

                                Red Stone Dancer (Henri Gaudier-Brzeska)

                                Armory Show - International Exhibition of Contemporary Art - held at the 69th Regiment Armory in NYC (2/17-3/15)

                                Remembrance of Things Past Vol. 1 (Swann's Way) (Marcel Proust)

                                Calligrammes (Apollinaire)

                                Les Peintres cubistes (Apollinaire)

                                Death in Venice (Mann)

                                Sons and Lovers (Lawrence)

                                Totem and Taboo (Freud)

                                EUROPE THE OVERLORD ENDS

                                Huerta's coup d'etat - Madero falls from power (2/18)s

                                Treaty of Bucharest - ends Second Balkan War - Bulgaria defeated - Balkan states again partitioned (8/10)

                                Treaty of Bucharest - Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro signed - Turkey acquiesced    (8/10)

                                US Federal Reserve Act (12/23)

                                ---------------------------------------------------------

                                Third Irish Home Rule Bill passes House of Commons but rejected by House of Lords

                                Threat of civil war in Ireland

                                Ulster Volunteers (private Protestant army) forms in opposition to proposed Home Rule Bill

                                Young Turks establish dictatorship in Turkey

                                Treaty of London - ends first Balkan War - Balkan states victorious - state of Albania  created

                                Greece officially takes over Crete

                                Second Balkan War - Serbia Greece, Romania, and Ottoman Empire unite against Bulgaria

                                Second Balkan War caused by Serbian claims to Macedonia

                                Treaty of Constantinople between Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria

                                Sun Yat Sen leads an unsuccessful revolt against president Yuan Shih K'ai - flees to Japan -

                                Clement Fallieres -             (France)

                                Raymond Poincare +           (France)

                                George I -                              (Greece)                                                                Son of Christian IX of Denmark

                                Constantine I +                    (Greece)                                                                Son of George I

                                1st performance of Stravinsky's Le Sacr du printemps at Paris' Theatre des Champs-Elysees - Pierre Monteaux cond. (5/29)

                                Preludes for piano                                              Debussy

                                Jeux                                                                       Debussy

                                Descriptions automatiques                               Satie

                                La vida breve                                                       de Falla

                                Le Sacre du Printemps                                       Stravinsky 

                                Trois poésies de la lyrique japonaise              Stravinsky

                                Souvenir de mon enfance                                   Stravinsky

                                Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10                    Webern

                                Six Orchestral Pieces                                         Webern

                                The Art of Noises (Luigi Russolo)

                                Britten, Benjamin                                                                  1913-1976               Composer

                                Camus, Albert                                                                       1913-1960               Writer

                                Ford, Gerald Rudolph                                                          1913-                       Statesman

                                Guston, Philip                                                                       1913-1980               Painter

                                Herman, Woody                                                                   1913-1987               Musician

                                Lamb, Willis E.                                                                      1913-

                                Lloyd, George                                                                       1913-                       Musician

                                Lutoslavski, Witold                                                             1913-                       Composer

                                Nixon, Richard Milhouse                                                    1913-1994               President

                                Paul, Wolfgang                                                                    1913-1993

                                Perkins, Pinetop                                                                   1913-                       Musician

                                Simon, Claude                                                                       1913-

                                Bronsart von Schellendorf, Hans                                      1830-1913               Composer

                                Heise, Peter Arnold                                                             1830-1913               Composer

                                Popper, David                                                                       1843-1913               Composer

                                Saussure, Ferdinand de                                                      1857-1913

                                Tubman, Harriet                                                                   1820-1913

                                Schuppe, Wilhelm                                                                1836-1913

                                Thomas, John                                                                       1826-1913               Composer

                                Wallace, Alfred Russel                                                       1823-1913

1914                        Improvisation "Klamm" (Wassily Kandinsky)

                                Frogs (Alfred Kubin)

                                Suprematist Composition: Black Square and Red Square (Kasimir Malevich)

                                In the Madhouse (Erich Heckel)

                                Breakfast (Juan Gris)

                                Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (de Chirico)

                                Le Grand Cheval (Raymond Duchamp-Villon)

                                The Prophet (Ossip Zadinke)

                                Sailor with a Guitar (Jacques Lipchitz)

                                North of Boston (Frost)

                                The Congo and Other Poems (Lindsay)

                                The Dubliners (Joyce)

                                Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Joyce)

                                Birth of a Nation (Griffith)

                                THE MODERN WORLD BEGINS

                                Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria assassinated by a Bosnian student               (6/28)

                                Austria declares war on Serbia and invades (7/28)        Tuesday Noon

                                Austrians begin to bombard Belgrade (7/30)

                                Germany declares war on Russia (8/1)  Saturday

                                Wilhelm II asks Moltke to cancel the invasion of Belgium to keep Great Britain out of the war (8/2) Sunday

                                Germany declares war on France (8/3)   Monday

                                Germany invades Belgium as per Schlieffen Plan (8/4) Monday

                                Germany declares war on Belgium (8/4) Tuesday

                                England declares war on Germany at midnight (8/4)

                                Montenegro declares war on Austria (8/5)      Wednesday

                                Austria declares war on Russia (8/6)                Thursday

                                Serbia declares war on Germany (8/6)               Thursday

                                Battle of Mulhouse - first French attack of the war (8/7) Friday

                                Montenegro declares war on Germany (8/8)   Saturday

                                France declares war on Austria (8/12)              Wednesday

                                England declares war on Austria (8/12)           Wednesday

                                Battle of the Frontiers begins - French attempt to invade Germany (Plan XVII) (8/14-24)       Friday

                                Battle of Cer begins - Serbs fight a successful defensive battle against the invading Austrians (8/14) Friday

                                Germans enter Brussels, capital of Belgium (8/14) Friday

                                Panama Canal officially opens (8/15) Saturday

                                Liege falls to the Germans n Belgium (8/16) Sunday

                                King Albert II of Belgium orders retreat to the town (fort) of Antwerp (8/20) Thursday

                                Battle of Mons - British Expeditionary force tries to block German advance into France (8/23) Sunday

                                Japan declares war on Germany (8/23) Sunday

                                Namur falls to the Germans in Belgium (8/24) Monday

                                Japan declares war on Austria (8/25)

                                Battle of Tannenburg - invading Russians defeated by German forces in eastern Germany (8/26)

                                Austria declares war on Belgium (8/28)

                                Battle of the Marne - Allies halt German advance on Paris (9/5-9)

                                First Battle of Masurian Lakes - Russians retreat from East Prussia (9/9-14)

                                German army begins siege of Antwerp (9/28)

                                German army breaks through Belgian defenses at Lier - Belgian forces abandon Antwerp (10/5)

                                Belgian forces retreat west frmo Antwerp toward the coast (10/6)

                                Mayor of Antwerp capitulates - German occupation of the town until 1918 (10/10)

                                First Battle of Ypres - Germans fail to reach Channel ports          (10/19-11/24)

                                Russia declares war on Turkey (11/2)

                                Serbia declares war on Turkey (11/2)

                                England declares war on Turkey (11/5)

                                France declares war on Turkey (11/5)

                                Great Britain declares Egypt a British Protectorate (12/18)

                                Central and Allied troops meet in No Man's Land (Western Front) to wish each other Merry Christmas (12/25)

                                Irish Home Rule Act provides for separate Parliament in Ireland, with some MPs at Westminster

                                Position of Ulster to be decided after the War

                                Divisions in socialist parties on the war result in its general support - collapse of Second International

                                Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, United States

                                Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

                                Austrian ultimatum to Serbia

                                Russian mobilization

                                German and French mobilization

                                Trench warfare on Western and Eastern fronts until end of World War I

                                Huerta resigns under US pressure

                                Carol I -                 (Romania)                                             King (Charles Eitel Frederick)

                                Ferdinand I +                        (Romania)                                             King

                                Huerta -                 (Mexico)

                                Pius X -

                                Benedict XV +

                                Detroit Symphony Orchestra forms

                                A London Symphony                                           Vaughan Williams

                                "St. Louis Blues"                                                                 W.C. Handy

                                Berryman, John                                                                    1914-1972

                                Blount, Herman “Sonny” (Sun Ra)                                   1914-1993

                                Burroughs, William                                                              1914-1997               Writer

                                Clarke, Kenny                                                                       1914-1985               Musician

                                Davis Jr., Raymond                                                              1914-

                                De Stael, Nicolas                                                                  1914-1955

                                Eckstein, William Clarence                                                 1914-1993

                                Ellison, Ralph                                                                        1914-1994               Writer

                                Giulini, Carlo Maria                                                              1914-2005               Conductor

                                Hampshire, Stuart                                                                1914-

                                Lloyd Webber, William Southcombe                                1914-1982               Musician

                                Malamud, Bernard                                                               1914-

                                Paz, Octavio                                                                          1914-1998                              

                                Perutz, Max Ferdinand                                                        1914-

                                Salk, Jonas Edward                                                              1914-

                                Thomas, Dylan                                                                     1914-

                                Bierce, Ambrose                                                                   1842-1914

                                Bohm-Bawerk, Eugen                                                          1851-1914

                                Faure, Jean Baptiste                                                            1830-1914

                                Fournier, Henri Alban                                                         1886-1914

                                Hall, Charles Martin                                                             1863-1914

                                Heroult, Paul Louis Toussaint                                           1863-1914

                                Heyse, Paul Johann Ludwig                                               1830-1914

                                Liadov, Anatoli                                                                    1855-1914               Composer

                                Macke, August                                                                    1887-1914

                                Magnard, Lucien Denis Gabriel Alberic                           1865-1914               Composer

                                Mistral, Frederic                                                                   1830-1914

                                Muir, John                                                                             1838-1914               Naturalist

                                Peguy, Charles                                                                     1873-1914

                                Pierce, Charles Sanders                                                       1839-1914

                                Stavenhagen, Bernhard                                                      1862-1914               Composer

                                Westinghouse, George                                                       1846-1914

1915                        Forest Undergrowth II (Tom Thompson) (-1916)

                                Suprematist Composition (Kasimir Malevich)

                                Suburban Train Arriving at Paris (Gino Severini)

                                The Hanged Man (Bohumil Kubista)

                                Two Girls (Marie Laurencin)

                                The Bride Stripped Bare by her Batchelors, even... (Marcel Duchamp) (-1923)

                                La Place Ravignan (Juan Gris)

                                Man in the Open Air (Elie Nadelman)

                                Veranda post in the palace of king of Ijero-Ekiti (Agunna of Ikole) (Yoruba)

                                Of Human Bondage (Maugham)

                                Birth of a Nation (D. W. Griffiths)

                                Rags (James Kirkwood) (8/2)

                                Great Britain announces naval blockade of Germany    (1/5)

                                Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (2/7-22)

                                Germany begins submarine blockade of Great Britain (2/18)

                                Second Battle of Ypres - Gerrmans use poison gas for the first time (4/22-5/25)

                                German U-boat sinks British liner Lusitania - many civilians incl. 139 Americans drown        (5/7)

                                First Battle of Artois - begins - ends in stalemate(5/9-15)

                                Battle of Festubert - nets 1km advance for British under Haig with 16000 casualties (5/15-5/25)

                                Italy joins Allied Powers (5/22)

                                Italy declares war on Austria (5/23)

                                San Marino declares war on Austria (6/3)

                                Italy declares war on Turkey (8/21)

                                Third Battle of Artois (9/15)-(11/4)

                                Second Battle of Champagne (9/25)-(10/6)

                                Battle of Loos - Birtish and French offensive fails - 43000 British casualties(9/25-28)

                                Bulgaria declares war on Serbia (10/14)

                                Bulgaria joins Central Powers (10/15)

                                England declares war on Bulgaria (10/15)

                                Montenegro declares war on Bulgaria (10/15)

                                France declares war on Bulgaria (10/16)

                                Russia declares war on Bulgaria (10/19)

                                Henry McMahons second letter to Hussein ibn Ali approving Arab independence within certain limits (10/24)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Austria occupies Serbia (-1918)

                                Dardanelles operation

                                Gallipoli Campaign - Axis powers defeat Allies (-3/22 1916)

                                Twenty-one Demands - Japan attempts to assert political and economic dominance over China

                                Second formation of Klu Klux Klan

                                General Theory of Relativity (Einstein)

                                X-Rays and Crystal Structure (Bragg)

                                Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity (T. H. Morgan)

                                Three Sonatas                                                      Debussy

                                En Blanc et noir                                                  Debussy

                                Douze etudes for piano                                      Debussy

                                Mozart Variations for Orchestra                      Reger

                                Concord Sonata                                                  Ives

                                Sonata for Unaccompanied Cello, Op. 8        Kodaly (pub. 1921)

                                Piano Sonatina                                                   Bartok

                                Steichquartett Nr. 2, op. 17                               Bartok (-1917)

                                Jelly Roll Blues                                                    Morton

                                Bergman, Ingrid                                                                    1915-1982               Actor

                                Burns, John Horne                                                               1915-1953

                                Diamond, David                                                                   1915-2005               Composer

                                Hofstadter, Robert                                                               1915-1990

                                Holiday, Billie                                                                       1915-1959               Musician

                                Levine, Jack                                                                          1915-

                                Lilburn, Douglas                                                                  1915-                       Musician

                                Lippold, Richard                                                                   1915-

                                McGhee, Brownie                                                                1915-1996               Musician

                                Morganfield, McKinley (Muddy Waters)                       1915-1983

                                Persichetti, Vincent                                                              1915-1987               Composer

                                Ramsay, Norman Foster                                                      1915-

                                Richter, Sviatoslav Teofilovich                                         1915-                       Pianist

                                Shull, Clifford Glennwood                                                  1915-

                                Sinatra, Frank                                                                        1915-1998               Musician

                                Slim, Memphis                                                                      1915-1988               Musician

                                Surinach, Carlos                                                                   1915-                       Musician

                                Townes, Charles Hard                                                         1915-

                                Welles, Orson                                                                       1915-1985               Director/Actor

                                Bastian, Henry Charlton                                                     1837-1915

                                Corinth, Lovis                                                                       1858-1915

                                Goldmark, Karl                                                                      1830-1915               Composer

                                Hardie, Keir                                                                           1856-1915

                                Moseley, Henry Gwyn Jeffreys                                         1887-1915

                                Scriabin, Alexander Nikolaevich                                        1872-1915               Composer

                                Taneyev, Sergei Ivanovich                                                 1856-1915               Composer

                                Waldteufel, Charles Emile                                                   1837-1915               Composer

                                Washington, Booker T.                                                      1856-1915

                                Windelbrand, Wilhelm                                                        1848-1915

1916                        Teacher and Girl (Emil Nolde)

                                Nude, Fitzroy Street, No. 1 (Matthew Smith)

                                Night Cafe (George Grosz)

                                Dada Relief (Arp)

                                Intolerance (D. W. Griffith)

                                Frank Lloyd Wright's Imperial Hotel in Tokyo

                                Battle of Verdun - German offensive on Western Front - +-350,000 wounded each - stalemate (2/21)-(12/19)

                                Wilson urges Germany to stop unrestricted submarine warfare or risk break in German-US relations (3)

                                Germany declares war on Portugal (3/9)

                                The Pershing Expedition - US Punitive Expedition into Mexico begins (3/14)

                                Austria declares war on Portugal (3/15)

                                Sussex Incident - unarmed French liner is sunk (3/24)

                                Wilson issues Sussex ultimatum (4/18)

                                Easter rising in Ireland - supressed after one week (4/24)

                                Sussex Pledge - Germany agrees to change U-boat policy - if the US can stop the British blockade (5/4)

                                Sykes-Picot Agreement  - Anglo-French agreement for the partition of the Middle East (5/16)

                                Battle of Jutland - only major naval battle between Britain and Germany (5/31)

                                Brusilov Offensive - Russian attack led by General Alexei Brusilov fails (6/4)

                                Arab revolt against Ottoman Turks begins - proclaimed by Sharif Husayn (6/10)

                                British bombardment at Somme front begins (6/24-7/1)

                                Battle of the Somme - British offensive - 1 million + killed - tanks used for first time (7/1) Saturday 7:30A -(11/18)

                                Battle of the Somme - 19,000 British dead after first day of fighting (7/1)

                                Rumania declares war on Austria (8/27)

                                Italy declares war on Germany (8/28)

                                Germany declares war on Rumania (8/28)

                                Paul von Hindenberg becomes Chief of the German General Staff (8/29) -(7/3/19)

                                Turkey declares war on Rumania (8/30)

                                Bulgaria declares war on Rumania (9/1)

                                Battle of Verdun ends - French drive Germans back to their starting positions (12/19)

                                Rasputin murdered (12/29) (12/16 O.S.)

                                British Parliament passes conscription

                                Hindenburg appointed chief of staff with Ludendorff as quartermaster general

                                First popularly elected president in Argentina - Hipolito Irigoyen

                                Woodrow Wilson/Charles Evans Hughes  election race

                                Lloyd George +                     (Great Britain)                                       Prime Minister

                                Francis Joseph I -                 (Austria)(Hungary)                              Emperor House of Leopold (1848-) (1867-)

                                Charles I +                             (Austria)                                                Emperor House of Leopold

                                Yuan Shih-k'ai -                    (Republic of China)                              1st President (1912-)

                                Hipolito Irigoyen +              (Argentina)                                           President

                                Einstein's general relativity theory

                                Baltimore Symphony Orchestra forms (2/11)

                                Fourth Symphony                                                Ives

                                Schelomo                                                               Bloch

                                Goyescas                                                               Granados

                                America First                                                        Cole Porter

                                "Beale Street Blues"                                            W.C. Handy

                                Babbitt, Milton                                                                     1916-                       Composer

                                Cela, Camilo Jose                                                                 1916-2002

                                Christian, Charlie                                                                  1916-1942               Jazz Guitarist

                                Crick, Francis H.C.                                                               1916-2004

                                Dutilleux, Henri                                                                     1916-                       Composer

                                Ginastera, Alberto                                                                1916-1983               Composer

                                Ginzburg, Vitaly L.                                                               1916-

                                Gyson, Brion                                                                         1916-1986

                                Miller, Arthur                                                                        1916-

                                Peck, Gregory                                                                       1916-2003               Actor

                                Prokhorov, Alexander Mikhailovich                                 1916-

                                Reis, Dilermando                                                                  1916-                       Composer

                                Risi, Dino                                                                               1916-

                                Salgan, Horacio                                                                    1916-                       Composer

                                Weiss, Peter                                                                          1916-

                                Abbe, Cleveland                                                                  1838-1916

                                Alaichem, Sholom                                                                1859-1916

                                Boccioni, Umberto                                                               1882-1916

                                Butterworth, George Sainton Kaye                                   1885-1916               Composer

                                Cather, Willa                                                                         1873-1916

                                Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard                                    1831-1916

                                Eakins, Thomas                                                                    1844-1916

                                Eizaguirre, Jose Echogram y                                               1832-1916

                                Granados, Enrique                                                               1867-1916               Composer

                                Howison, G. H.                                                                     1834-1916

                                James, Henry                                                                        1843-1916

                                MacCunn, Hamish                                                               1868-1916               Composer

                                Mach, Ernst                                                                          1838-1916

                                Marc, Franz                                                                           1880-1916

                                Munro, H. H. (Saki)                                                              1870-1916

                                Munsterberg, Hugo                                                             1863-1916

                                Redon, Odilon                                                                      1840-1916

                                Reger, Max                                                                            1873-1916

                                Royce, Josiah                                                                       1855-1916               Philosopher (California, US)

                                Strauss, Eduard                                                                    1835-1916               Composer

1917                        Three Clowns (Rouault)

                                Mrs Mounter at Breakfast (Harold Gilman)

                                The Disquieting Muses (Giorgio de Chirico)

                                The Embrace (Egon Schiele)

                                Wild Swans at Coole (Yeats)

                                De Stijl begins publication

                                “Surrealism” coined by Appollinaire

                                Zimmerman Telegram - invites Mexico and Japan to join Germany against the US (1/17)

                                Woodrow Wilson's "Peace without Victory" speech (1/22)

                                Germany notifies US that unrestricted submarine warfare will commence post haste (1/31)

                                Wilson administration publishes Zimmerman Telegram proposing alliance with Mexico and Japan (3/1)

                                Workers begin strike in Petrograd (2/22 O.S.) (3/7)

                                International Women's Day  - Female factory workers initiate 100,000 worker general strike in Petrograd - protesting bread shortage (2/23 O.S.) (3/8)

                                Police crack down against massive worker protests in Petrograd (2/25 O.S.) (3/10)

                                Soldiers under orders from Nicholas II shoot protesters in Petrograd - killing 50 (2/27) (3/12)

                                Russian soldiers in Petrograd mutiny against comanding officer after the previous day's massacre - shooting him (2/28?) (3/13)

                                Russian sailors stationed at Kronstadt elect new Revolutionary Committee - take over barracks - killing all commanders not supporting revolution (3/1 O.S.) (3/14)

                                Nicholas II abdicates - replaced by provisional government under Prince Lvov - end of Romanov dynasty (3/2 O.S.)  (3/15)

                                British capture Baghdad from Ottoman Empire (3/11)

                                Wilson's War Address in DC(4/2)

                                United States declares war on Germany (4/6)

                                Panama declares war on Germany (4/7)

                                Carranza declines Germany's proposals of the Zimmerman note

                                Bolivia severs relations with Germany (4/13)

                                Lenin returns to Russia from Switzerland having formulated the "Ten April Theses" - becomes leader of the Bolshevik Revolution (4/16)

                                Turkey severs relations with United States (4/23)

                                Greece declares war on Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, and Turkey (6/27)

                                T.E. Lawrence takes over command of Arab revolt against Ottoman Empire (7/6)

                                Arabs under T.E. Lawrence take Aqaba (7/6)

                                July Days - 500,000 march in Petrograd to protest new offensive against Germany - 700 killed by provisional government troops (7/4 O.S.) (7/17)

                                Siam (Thailand) declares war on Germany and Austria (7/22)

                                War Industries Board is formed in the US (7/28)

                                Third Battle of Ypres - major British offensive -little gained after German counter-attack       (7/31)

                                Liberia declares war on Germany (8/4)

                                China declares war on Germany and Austria (8/14)

                                Kornilov Affair in Russia (9/9-9/14)

                                Peru severs relations with Germany (10/6)

                                Uruguay severs relations with Germany (10/7)

                                Bolsheviks meet and decide on armed revolt to overthrow provisional government (10/23) (10/10 O.S.)

                                Battle of Caporetto - Italians defeated (10/24)

                                Sailors set off for Petrograd from Kronstadt siezing control of Winter Palace - Lenin: "All power to the soviets"  (11/7)   (10/25 O.S.)

                                Brazil declares war on Germany (10/26)

                                Balfour Declaration - Great Britain announces support for Jewish state in Palestine (11/2)

                                October Revolution - Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seize power in Russia (11/7)

                                British capture Jerusalem (11/11)

                                United States declares war on Austria (12/7)

                                Equador severs relations with Germany (12/8)

                                Panama declares war on Austria (12/10)

                                Cuba declares war on Austria (12/16)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Russian Revolution  (3)

                                Bolshevik Russia concludes armistice with Central Powers

                                Russian Civil War (11/15) - 1921

                                Mutinies in French army

                                Beginning of ill-fated Brusilov offensive

                                German Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg forced to resign - succeded by Dr. Michaelis

                                Real power in Germany held by Hindenburg and Ludendorff

                                British Parliament announces that responsible government is the goal for India

                                Sun Yat Sen returns to China from exile

                                Mexican revolutionary constitution

                                Danish West Indies Purchased by United States (Virgin Islands)

                                Clemenceau +                      (France)                                                 Prime Minister

                                Bethmann Hollweg -           (Germany)                                             Chancellor

                                Dr. Michaelis +                    (Germany)                                             Chancellor

                                Nicholas II -                          (Russia)                                                 Emperor

                                Constantine I -                     (Greece)                                                                Son of George I

                                Alexander +                          (Greece)                                                                Son of Constantine I

                                Storyville shut down

                                First Jazz recording ODJB (Victor)

                                Parade                                                                   Satie

                                Palestrina                                                             Pfitzner

                                Four Songs for Voice and Orchestra               Schoenberg

                                Fountains of Rome                                              Respighi

                                Classical Symphony                                           Prokofiev

                                "Over There"                                                        George M. Cohan

                                Boll, Heinrich                                                                        1917-1985

                                Carson, Rachel                                                                     1917-1964

                                Clarke, Arthur Charles                                                         1917-2008               Writer

                                Gillespie, John Birks (Dizzy)                                               1917-1993               Trumpeter

                                Harrison, Lou                                                                        1917-2003               Composer

                                Horton, Walter                                                                     1917-1981               Musician

                                Lawrence, Jacob                                                                   1917-2002               Painter

                                McCullers, Carson                                                               1917-1967               Writer

                                Monk, Thelonius Sphere                                                    1917-1982               Composer

                                Rich, Buddy                                                                          1917-1987               Musician

                                Rainwater, James                                                                  1917-1986

                                Shavers, Charlie                                                                   1917-1971

                                Taylor, Hound Dog                                                             1917-1975               Guitarist

                                Wyeth, Andrew                                                                   1917-2009                       Painter

                                Baeyer, Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von                 1835-1917

                                Brentano, Franz                                                                    1838-1917

                                Carreno, Maria Teresa                                                         1853-1917               Composer

                                Degas, Edgar                                                                        1834-1917               Painter

                                Durkheim, Emile                                                                    1858-1917

                                Joplin, Scott                                                                          1868-1917               Composer

                                Leo, Alan                                                                               1860-1917

                                Minkus, Leon (Ludwig)                                                      1826-1917               Composer

                                Rodin, Auguste                                                                    1840-1917               Sculptor

                                Ryder, Albert Pinkham                                                        1847-1917

1918                        The Night (Max Beckman) (-1919)

                                Gypsy Woman with Baby (Amedeo Modigliani)

                                Architectonic Composition (Liubov Popova)

                                My Antonia (Cather)

                                Alcools (Apollinaire)

                                Les Mamelles de Tiresias (Apollinaire)

                                The Decline of the West, 1st volume (Spengler)

                                Fourteen Points of Woodrow Wilson  (1/8)

                                Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - Russia cedes Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, etc. (3/3)

                                Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - between Russia and Germany - Russia withdraws from the war     (3/3)

                                Germans bomb Paris (3/25)

                                Guatemala declares war on Germany (4/23)

                                Nicaragua declares war on Germany and Austria (5/8)

                                Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion in Russia begins - start of counter-revolutionary "White" army that marches west(5/14)-(8)

                                Costa Rica declares war on Germany (5/23)

                                Haiti declares war on Germany (7/12)

                                Second Battle of the Marne (aka Battle of Reims) -  last major German offensive fails (7/15-8/6)

                                Tsar Nicholas II and his family are murdered (7/17)

                                Battle of Château-Thierry - first American engagement of WWI (7/18)

                                Honduras declares war on Germany (7/19)

                                Allies' offensive on Western Front begins - Germans forced to retreat (8/8)

                                Lenin is shot three times outside "Hammer and Sickle" factory -  he survives (8/30)

                                New German government of Prince Max von Baden askes President Wilson for 14 Points armistice (10/6)

                                Argonne-Meuse Front - Heroism of Alvin York of Tennessee (10/8)

                                Battle of Vittorio Veneto - Italian victory - Austria-Hungary surrenders (10/24)

                                Mutiny at German naval base of Kiel (11/3)

                                Revolution in Germany - William II abdicates - republic declared (11/7)

                                Germany signs Armistice - World War I ends (11/11)

                                -------------------------------------------------------------

                                Russia adopts Gregorian calendar

                                Women over 30 receive vote in Great Britain

                                Foch named commander-in-chief of Allied forces in France

                                Bulgaria receives armistice

                                Armistice with Turkey

                                Allies sign armistice with Austria-Hungary

                                Allies occupy Aachen (-1930)

                                Ottoman Empire collapses at end of Great War

                                Austria becomes a republic

                                Serbia becomes part of Yugoslavia

                                Croatia becomes part of Yugoslavia

                                Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes forms - union of Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia & Serbia

                                Treaty of Versailles

                                Cabinet of Prime Minister Hara in Japan - first to be headed by a member of the House of Representatives

                                Student movement begins in Cordoba, Argentina

                                Charles I -                             (Austria)                                               Emperor House of Leopold

                                Ferdinand I -                         (Bulgaria)                                             King

                                Boris III +                             (Bulgaria)                                             King

                                Nicholas I -                           (Montenegro)                                       King

                                Peter I +                                (Yugoslavia)                                          King

                                Alexander +                          (Yugoslavia)                                          Regent

                                Mehmet V -                           (Ottoman Empire)                                (1909-)   Sultan

                                Mehmet VI -                          (Ottoman Empire)                                Sultan

                                First radio station broadcast

                                King Oliver’s band arrives in Chicago

                                Debussy dies in Paris while city is being bombed by German artillery (3/25)                           

                                OkeH records formed in NY by Otto Heinemann

                                Cleveland Orchestra forms

                                Il Tabarro                                                             Puccini

                                L’Histoire du soldat                                            Stravinsky

                                Classical Symphony                                           Prokofiev

                                L'homme et son desir, op 48                              Milhaud

                                Althusser, Louis                                                                  1918-1990

                                Bergman, Igmar                                                                    1918-                       Director

                                Bernstein, Leonard                                                              1918-1990               Composer

                                Brockhouse, Bertram N.                                                      1918-

                                Byrd, Henry Roeland (Professor Longhair)                     1918-                       Musician

                                Davis, Wild Bill                                                                    1918-1995               Musician

                                Feynman, Richard Phillips                                                  1918-1988               Nuclear Physicict (Queens, NYC)

                                Fitzgerald, Ella                                                                      1918-1996               Singer

                                Granz, Norman                                                                      1918-2001               Musician

                                Houston, Cisco                                                                    1918-1961               Musician

                                James, Elmore                                                                       1918-1963               Musician

                                Lerner, Alan Jay                                                                   1918-1986               Composer

                                Morante                                                                                 1918-1985

                                Quebec, Ike                                                                           1918-1963               Musician

                                Rochberg, George                                                                1918-                       Musician

                                Rulfo, Juan                                                                            1918-1986

                                Reines, Frederick                                                                  1918-

                                Ryle, Martin                                                                          1918-1984

                                Schwinger, Julian Seymour                                                1918-1994

                                Siegbahn, Kai Manne Borge                                              1918-

                                Solszhenitsyn, Aleksandr Isaevich                                   1918-

                                Zimmerman, Bernd Alois                                                    1918-1970               Musician

                                Adams Jr., Charles Francis                                                 1835-1918               Economist/Historian (Boston, MA)

                                Adams, Henry Brooks                                                         1838-1918               Historian (Boston, MA)

                                Apollinaire, Guillaume                                                         1880-1918               Poet (France)

                                Boulanger, Juliette Maria Olga Lili                                    1893-1918               Musician

                                Braun, Carl Ferdinand                                                         1850-1918               Physicist (Germany)

                                Cantor, George                                                                     1845-1918               Mathematician (Germany)

                                Cui, Cesar                                                                              1835-1918               Composer

                                De la Blache, Paul Vidal                                                      1845-1918

                                Debussy, Claude Achille                                                    1862-1918               Composer

                                Klimt, Gustav                                                                        1862-1918               Painter (Austria)

                                LeCocq, Charles                                                                   1832-1918               Composer

                                Owen, Wilfred                                                                      1893-1918              

                                Parry, Charles Hubert Hastings                                         1848-1918               Composer

                                Rostand, Edmond                                                                 1868-1918               Poet/Dramatist (France)

                                Schiele, Egon                                                                        1890-1918               Painter (Austria)

                                Simmel, Georg                                                                       1858-1918               Philosopher/Sociologist (Germany)

                                Taneyev, Alexander Sergeievich                                       1850-1918               Composer (Russia)

                                Tobias, Rudolf                                                                      1873-1918               Composer

                                Ysaye, Theophile                                                                 1865-1918               Composer

1919                        The Spahi (Dufresne)

                                Epsom Downs - City and Suburban Day (Alfred Munnings)

                                Child Carburetor (Francis Picabia)

                                Villa R. (Paul Klee)

                                Return From Church (Lawren Stewart Harris)

                                Model of The Monument to the Third International (Vladimir Tatlin) (-1920)

                                Prussianism and Socialism (Spengler)

                                Beyond the Pleasure Principle (Freud)

                                Faisal-Weizmann Agreement - Faisal conditionally accepts the Balfour Agreement (1/3)

                                Paris Peace Conference begins (1/18)

                                Habibullah Shah King of Afghanistan is assassinated (2/20)

                                Treaty of Versailles signed by Germany (6)

                                Treaty of Saint-Germaine -  signed by Austria (9)

                                Woodrow Wilson embarks on 8,000 mile tour to promote League of Nations (9)

                                Woodrow Wilson  has a stroke (10/2)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                Between Wars (-1939)

                                Rebellion in Ireland led by Irish nationalist movement Sinn Fein

                                League of Nations founded

                                Germany to lose Alsace-Lorraine and colonies and to pay reparations to Allies (Treaty of Versailles)

                                Treaty of Saint-Germaine - Hapsburg monarchy ends

                                Treaty of Saint-Germaine - Austria to recognize indep. of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, and Hungary 

                                Treaty of Neuilly - with Bulgaria

                                Kingless monarchy established in Transylvania

                                Romania annexes Old Kingdom of Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Burkovina (-1920)

                                Weimar Constitution adopted in Germany

                                Spartacist (Communist) rising in Berlin crushed by the Friekorps- socialist leader Rosa Luxembourg murdered

                                Italian nationalist Gabriel d'Annunzio seizes Fiume from Yugoslavia

                                Fascist movement founded in Italy by Benito Mussolini

                                Turkish war of liberation against Greek and Allied forces (-1922)

                                Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi (Mohatma) begins campaign of passive resistance to Great Britain

                                Amristar massacre - British troops fire on nationalist rioters in India

                                Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms in India

                                May Fourth Movement in China

                                US Senate rejects League of Nations treaty

                                Red Scare

                                Volstead Act - Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition) ratified

                                East St. Louis Race Riots

                                First transatlantic flight by John Alcock and Arthur Brown

                                Third Anglo-Afghan War

                                Joseph of Austria +-            (Transylvania)                                      Regent

                                Sydney Bechet celebrated in Europe

                                Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra forms

                                Prohibition starts

                                The Royal Guest                                                  Hakon Borresen

                                Hitchy-Koo of 1919                                            Cole Porter

                                Swanee                                                                 Gershwin

                                Sinbad                                                                   Gershwin

                                Blakey, Art                                                                            1919-1990               Musician

                                Cunningham, Merce                                                            1919-                       Dancer

                                Duncan, Robert                                                                    1919-1988

                                Edison, Harry “Sweets”                                                      1919-1999               Musician

                                Ferlinghetti, Lawrence                                                         1919-

                                Jackson, Shirley                                                                   1919-1965

                                Lessing, Doris                                                                      1919-

                                O’day, Anita                                                                         1919-                       Singer

                                Salinger, Jerome David                                                        1919-                       Writer

                                Seeger, Pete                                                                          1919-                       Musician

                                Weinberg, Moise                                                                 1919-                       Musician

                                Baum, Lyman Frank                                                             1856-1919               Writer (Chittenango, NY)

                                Carnegie, Andrew                                                                1835-1919

                                Gjellerup, Karl Adolph                                                        1857-1919

                                Gunton, George                                                                    1845-1919

                                Haekel, Ernst                                                                         1834-1919

                                Haverfield, Francis John                                                     1860-1919

                                Leoncavallo, Ruggero                                                         1857-1919               Composer

                                Parker, Horatio William                                                       1863-1919               Composer

                                Rayleigh, J. William Strut                                                    1842-1919

                                Renoir, Pierre August                                                          1841-1919               Painter

                                Roosevelt, Theodore                                                           1858-1919               President

                                Sabine, W. C.                                                                        1868-1919

                                Sienkiewicz, Henryk                                                             1846-1919

                                Villoldo, Angel                                                                     1861-1919               Composer

1920                        Flask, Guitar, Glass and Bottle on the grey Table (Amedee Ozenfant)

                                Das Haarnabelbild (Kurt Schwitters)

                                Composition (Georges Vantongerloo)

                                Age of Innocence (Edith Wharton)

                                Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford form United Artists

                                League of Nations meets for first time (1/10)

                                Paris Peace conference ends (1/21)

                                Sanremo Conference - confirmed the mandates in former Ottoman Territories (4/19-26)

                                Battle of Maysalun - French defeat Syrian forces 12 miles west of Damascus (7/23)

                                French forces enter Damascus (7/25)

                                Treaty of Sevres - between Allies and Turkey - opposed by Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal (8/10)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                League of Nations admits Ethiopia as member state (9/28)

                                Civil war in Ireland - situation aggravated by British auxiliaries - the Black and Tans

                                Northern Ireland accepts Home Rule Act

                                Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia

                                Russia and Poland at war (-1921)

                                Treaty of Trianon - with Hungary

                                Palestine established as Jewish state under British administration

                                Great Britain assigned mandate over Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan

                                France assigned mandate over Lebanon and Syria

                                M. K. Gandhi becomes leader of the Indian National Congress

                                US Senate rejects League of Nations

                                Prohibition in the United States

                                Nineteenth Amendment (Womens Suffrage) ratified

                                Republic Party returns to power

                                US Census shows that country is predominantly urban

                                Raymond Poincare -            (France)

                                Paul Deschanel +-               (France)

                                Alexandre Millerand +       (France)

                                Miklos Horthy +                  (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary) (from Nagybanya)

                                Alexander -                           (Greece)                                                                Son of Constantine I

                                Constantine I +                    (Greece)                                                                Son of George I (rethroned)

                                First Blues Record “That Thing Called Love” Perry Bradford Maime Smith Crazy Blues

                                “You Can’t Keep A Good Man Down”            Perry Bradford Mamie Smith

                                Fletcher Henderson arrives in New York

                                Pulcinella                                                             Stravinsky

                                Serenade, op. 24 (/1923)                                     Schoenberg

                                Abzug, Bella                                                                         1920-

                                Bloembergen, Nicolaus                                                       1920-

                                Brubeck, Dave                                                                      1920-                       Musician

                                Asimov, Isaac (Paul French)                                              1920-1992               Writer

                                Bradbury, Ray                                                                      1920-                       Writer

                                Bukowski, Charles                                                               1920-1994               Writer

                                Celan, Paul                                                                            1920-1970

                                Chamberlain, Owen                                                              1920-

                                Fellini, Frederico                                                                   1920-

                                Fetler, Paul                                                                            1920-                       Musician

                                Leary, Timothy Francis                                                       1920-1996

                                Parker, Charlie Christopher                                                 1920-1955               Composer

                                Rohmer, Eric                                                                          1920-

                                Thiebaud, Wayne                                                                 1920-

                                Ardigo, Roberto                                                                   1828-1920               Philosopher

                                Bruch, Max                                                                            1838-1920               Composer (Germany)

                                Griffes, Charles Tomlinson                                                  1884-1920               Composer

                                Howells, William Dean                                                        1837-1920               (1939)

                                Jackson, Tony                                                                      1876-1920

                                Lockyer, Joseph Norman                                                    1836-1920

                                Modigliani, Amedeo                                                            1884-1920

                                Perez Galdos, Benito                                                            1843-1920

                                Weber, Max                                                                          1864-1920

                                Wundt, Wilhelm                                                                   1832-1920

1921                        Costume Design for the Countess in Scene II of The Sleeping Princess (Bakst)

                                Painting No. 1 (Piet Mondrian)

                                Composition (Piet Mondrian)

                                Three musicians (Pablo Picasso)

                                Le Canigou (Juan Gris)

                                Pedestal Table before a Window (Juan Gris)

                                Dazzle Ships in Drydock at Liverpool (Edward Wadsworth)

                                The Kid (Chaplin)

                                Kronstadt Rebellion ("the 3rd Revolution") led by Petrichenko opposes Bolsheviks - fails (3/7-17)

                                Treaty of Riga - ends Russo-Polish war (3/18)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Irish Free State established - Irish Republican Army (IRA) continues opposition

                                Mutiny of Russian sailors at Kronstadt, Finland, is put down

                                New Economic Policy in USSR

                                Greece attacks Turkey bu is finally defeated (1922)

                                Turkish nationalist government set up at Ankara

                                Riza Khan establishes control over Iran - deposes Ahmed Shah and founds Pahvlavi dynasty (-1925)

                                First Noncooperation Movement in India

                                Sun Yat Sen elected president of self-proclaimed national government at Canton, s. China

                                Washington Conference held to discuss naval armaments (-1922)

                                Pacific Treaty - between four powers Great Britain, France, Japan, and United States

                                Peter I -                                 (Serbia)                                                 King (Karadjordjevic) (1903-)

                                Peter I -                                 (Yugoslavia)                                          King

                                Alexander -                           (Yugoslavia)                                          Regent

                                Alexander I +                        (Yugoslavia)                                          King

                                Katya Kabanova                                                 Janacek

                                Pastoral Symphony                                             Vaughan Williams

                                The Love for Three Oranges                              Prokofiev

                                Symphony for Wind Instruments                       Stravinsky

                                King David                                                           Honegger

                                Saudades do Brasil                                             Milhaud

                                “Carolina Shout”                                                  James P. Johnson

                                Arnold, Malcolm                                                                  1921-                       Composer

                                Basarab, Mircea                                                                   1921-                       Musician

                                Beuys, Joseph                                                                      1921-1986

                                Freed, Alan                                                                           1921-                       Musician

                                Garner, Erroll                                                                         1921-1977               Musician

                                Piazzolla, Astor                                                                     1921-1992               Composer

                                Rawls, John                                                                           1921-2002

                                Sakharov, Andrei Dimitrievich                                           1921-

                                Schawlow, Arhur Leonard                                                  1921-

                                Simpson, Robert                                                                   1921-                       Musician

                                Steinberger, Jack                                                                  1921-

                                Blackwell, Antoinette Brown                                             1825-1921

                                Boutroux, Emile                                                                    1845-1921

                                Caruso, Enrico                                                                      1873-1921               Singer

                                Huber, Hans                                                                          1852-1921               Composer

                                Humperdinck, Engelbert                                                     1854-1921               Composer

                                Lippman, Gabriel                                                                  1845-1921

                                Meinong, Alexius                                                                1853-1921

                                Petri, Richard                                                                        1852-1921

                                Saint-Saens, Charles-Camille                                              1835-1921               Composer

                                Severac, Deodat de                                                              1872-1921               Composer

1922                        Maine Islands (John Marin)

                                Twittering Machine (Paul Klee)

                                Seated Woman (Henri Laurens)

                                Still-life (Le Corbusier)

                                The Forsyte Saga (Galsworthy)

                                Duino Elegies (Rilke)

                                Sonnets to Orpheus (Rilke)

                                Ulysses (Joyce)

                                The Wasteland (Eliot)

                                Tess of the Storm Country (John S. Roberttson)

                                British Archaeologist opens King Tut's tomb (11/26)

                                March on Rome - King Victor Emmanuel III invites fascist Benito Mussolini to be prime minister (3/28)

                                Churchill's White Paper - states British view on the Balfour Declaration (6/3)

                                Union of Soviet Socialist Republics established (USSR)

                                Stalin named Secretary General of Communist Party

                                Last Ottoman sultan Mehmet VI flees - deposed by Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

                                Britain declares Egypt independent from British and French influence

                                Nine Power Treaty

                                Washington Naval Conference (-1923)

                                Constantine I -                      (Greece)                                                 Son of George I (rethroned)

                                George II +                            (Greece)                                                 Son of Constantine I

                                Mehmet VI -                          (Ottoman Empire)                 Sultan

                                Benedict XV -

                                Pius XI +

                                Discovery of insulin

                                Schoenberg develops twelve-tone serialism

                                Louis Armstrong moves to Chicago joins King Oliver

                                Fifth Symphony                                                    Nielsen

                                Piano Concerto No. 1                                        Antheil

                                Basov, Nikolai Gennadiyevich                                           1922-

                                Bohr, Aage N.                                                                       1922-

                                Brim, John                                                                             1922-2003

                                Brubeck, Dave                                                                      1922-                       Composer

                                Byard, Jaki                                                                             1922-1999

                                Dehmect, Hans Georg                                                         1922-

                                Diebenkorn, Richard                                                            1922-1993

                                Foss, Lukas                                                                           1922-                       Composer

                                Freud, Lucian                                                                        1922-

                                Kerouac, Jack                                                                       1922-1969               Writer

                                Khan, Ali Akbar                                                                   1922-

                                Lederman, Leon Max                                                           1922-

                                Olsen, Poul Rovsing                                                            1922-1982               Composer

                                Pasolini, Pier Paolo                                                              1922-1975

                                Penn, Arthur                                                                         1922-

                                Petit, Pierre                                                                            1922-                       Musician

                                Raid, Kaljo                                                                             1922-                       Musician

                                Resnais, Alain                                                                      1922-

                                Saramago, Jose                                                                     1922-

                                Sutton, Ralph                                                                        1922-2001

                                Vonnegut Jr., Kurt                                                               1922-                       Writer

                                Xenakis, Yannis                                                                   1922-2001               Composer

                                Yang, Chen Ning                                                                  1922-

                                Abbot, Lyman                                                                      1835-1922

                                Bajer, Fredrik                                                                         1837-1922

                                Bell, Alexander Graham                                                       1847-1922

                                Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen                                                         1840-1922

                                Hallwachs, Wilhelm                                                             1859-1922

                                Proust, Marcel                                                                      1871-1922

                                Sokolov, Nikolai                                                                   1859-1922               Composer

                                Sorel, Georges                                                                      1847-1922

                                Ziehrer, Ludwig August                                                     1843-1922               Composer

1923                        At the Mountain of the Bull (Paul Klee)

                                Edith Sitwell (Percy Wyndham Lewis) (-1933)

                                The Betrothed (Canstant Permeke)

                                Woman, Old Man and Flower (Max Ernst) (-1924)

                                Opus 47 (Victor Servranckx)

                                The Ego and the Id (Freud)

                                Our Hospitality (Buster Keaton)

                                French and Belgian troops occupy Ruhr district, west Germany, after Germany fails to pay reparations

                                Hitler-Ludendorff Beer Hall Putsch in Munich (11/8-9)

                                Adolf Hitler, founder of the National Socialist Party, attempts to overthrow Bavarian government - imprisoned

                                Virtual Spanish dictatorship in Spain under General Primo de Rivera (-1930)

                                Mussolini creates a fascist state in Italy

                                Treaty of Lausanne -  between Greece and Turkey

                                Turkey proclaimed a republic - deposition of Ottoman sultan - Mustafa Kemal is first president

                                Karol Rathaus' 2nd Symphony premieres

                                Cotton Club opens in New York

                                First Recordings of: King Oliver, Freddie Keppard, Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Sidney Bechet, Bennie Moten, Bessie Smith (2/16)

                                Sixth Symphony                                                   Sibelius

                                Valse for piano                                                     Schoenberg

                                Fugal Concerto                                                     Holst

                                Les Noces                                                             Stravinsky

                                Pacific 231                                                             Honegger

                                La Creation du Monde                                        Milhaud

                                Das Marienleben                                                  Hindemith

                                Anderson, Lindsay                                                              1923-1994

                                Behan, Brendan                                                                    1923-1964

                                Anderson, Phillip Warren                                                   1923-

                                Calvino, Italo                                                                        1923-1985

                                de Los Angeles, Victoria                                                    1923-                       Opera Singer

                                Fitch, Val Logsoon                                                              1923-

                                Garland, Red                                                                         1923-1984               Pianist

                                Gordimer, Nadine                                                                 1923-                       Writer/Policital Activist

                                Gordon, Dexter                                                                     1923-1990               Musician

                                Jackson, Milt                                                                        1923-1999               Saxophonist

                                Kaempfert, Bert                                                                    1923-1980               Composer

                                Kilby, Jack S.                                                                        1923-

                                Levertov, Denise                                                                  1923-

                                Lichtenstein, Roy                                                                 1923-1997               Artist

                                Ligeti, Gyorgy                                                                       1923-

                                Mailer, Norman                                                                     1923-                       Writer

                                Mennin, Peter                                                                       1923-1983               Composer

                                Navarro, Fats                                                                        1923-1950               Musician

                                Puente, Tito                                                                          1923-2000               Musician

                                Rivers, Larry                                                                         1923-2002

                                Rorem, Ned                                                                           1923-                       Composer

                                Szymborska, Wislawa                                                         1923-

                                Taylor, Eddie                                                                        1923-1985               Musician

                                Whalen, Philip                                                                      1923-

                                Williams, James Clifton                                                       1923-1976               Musician

                                Barnard, Edward Emerson                                                  1857-1923

                                Bernhardt, Sarah                                                                  1844-1923

                                Bosanquet, Bernard                                                             1848-1923

                                Hamerik, Asger                                                                     1843-1923               Composer

                                Harding, Warren Gamaliel                                                   1865-1923

                                Hasek, Jaroslav                                                                    1883-1923

                                Loti, Pierre                                                                             1850-1923               Novelist (France)

                                Morley, Edward William                                                     1838-1923

                                Morley, John                                                                        1838-1923

                                Pareto, Vilfredo                                                                     1848-1923

                                Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad                                                1845-1923

                                Sorolla y Bastida, Joaquin                                                  1863-1923

                                Steinmetz, Charles Proteus                                                 1865-1923

                                Troeltsch, Ernst                                                                    1865-1923

                                Van der Waals, J. D.                                                            1837-1923

1924                        Yellow Accompaniment (Wassily Kandinsky)

                                Element Mecanique (Fernand Leger)

                                Rain in the North Country (Arthur Lismer)

                                The Harlequin's Carnival (Joan Miro) (-1925)

                                Joseph Conrad (Jacob Epstein)

                                Mother and Child (Henry Moore) (-1925)

                                Heimdal's Wanderings (Jeppe Aakjaer) poem

                                Saint Joan (Shaw)

                                The Magic Mountain (Mann)

                                The Trial (Kafka)

                                Sherlock, Jr. (Buster Keaton)

                                First Labour government in Great Britain

                                Dawes Plan settles reparation payments to be made by Germany

                                Stabilization of the Weimar economy in Germany

                                Italian socialist, Giocomo Matteotti is murdered by Fascists

                                Death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin succeeds him

                                Greece forms a republic (-1935)

                                New Republic of Turkey forms - Ataturk expels all sultanate sympathizers

                                Ibn Saud conquers Hijaz and establishes rule over most of Arabian Peninsula

                                Reorganization of the Kuomintang in China

                                Chinese government set up at Canton under Sun Yat-sen - it includes Communist members

                                Full citizenship granted to Native Americans

                                First airplane flight around the world by US army planes

                                British pass law prohibiting travel north or south of the 10th parallel in Sudan

                                Alexandre Millerand -          (France)

                                Gaston Doumergue +          (France)                                                 (-1931)    President

                                Vladimir Lenin -                    (Russia)

                                Joseph Stalin +                     (Russia)                                                 (-1953)    Premier

                                George II -                             (Greece)                                                 Son of Constantine I

                                Ataturk +                               (Republic of Turkey)

                                Ernst Bloch becomes an American citizen

                                Louis Armstrong joins Fletcher Henderson in NY

                                Papa Charlie Jackson records first blues

                                Turandot                                                               Puccini

                                Mercure                                                                 Satie

                                Suite for Piano (1st wholly atonal work)         Schoenberg

                                Serenade                                                               Schoenberg

                                Woodwind Quintet                                              Schoenberg

                                Concertino for Piano and Orchestra H 55     Honegger

                                Rhapsody in Blue                                                Gershwin

                                "Fascinatin’ Rhythm "                                        Gershwin

                                Lady Be Good                                                       Gershwin

                                Atkins, Chet                                                                          1924-                       Musician

                                Bacall, Lauren                                                                       1924-

                                Baldwin, James                                                                     1924-                       Musician

                                Braun, Gunter                                                                       1924-                       Musician

                                Brown, Clarence Gatemouth                                               1924-

                                Carter, James                                                                         1924-

                                Charpak, Georges                                                                 1924-

                                Desmond, Paul                                                                     1924-1977               Musician

                                Hewish, Antony                                                                   1924-

                                Landes, David S.                                                                  1924-                                                      

                                Lyotard, Jean Francois                                                        1924-1998

                                Mancini, Henry                                                                    1924-                  Composer (Taurus)

                                Nono, Luigi                                                                           1924-                       Musician

                                Pearlstein, Philip                                                                   1924-

                                Powell, Bud                                                                           1924-1966               Musician

                                Presti, Ida                                                                              1924-1967               Musician

                                Tomlinson, Ernest                                                                1924-                       Musician

                                Vaughan, Sarah                                                                    1924-1990               Singer

                                Vollmer, Joan                                                                        1924-1951

                                Washington, Dinah                                                             1924-1963               Singer

                                Bradley, Francis Herbert                                                     1846-1924

                                Busoni, Ferruccio Dante Michel. Benvenuto                  1866-1924               Composer

                                Chardonett, Louis                                                                1839-1924

                                Conrad, Joseph                                                                    1857-1924               Novelist

                                Duse, Eleanor                                                                       1859-1924

                                Faure, Gabriel Urbain                                                           1845-1924               Composer

                                Gompers, Samuel                                                                  1850-1924

                                Goodhue, Bertram Grosvenor                                            1869-1924

                                Herbert, Victor                                                                      1859-1924               Composer

                                Kafka, Franz                                                                          1883-1924

                                Lenin, Vladimir                                                                      1870-1924

                                Liapunov, Sergei Mikhailovich                                          1859-1924               Composer

                                Marshall, Alfred                                                                   1842-1924

                                Natorp, Paul                                                                          1854-1924

                                Nesbit, Edith                                                                         1858-1924

                                Pasculli, Antonino                                                               1842-1924               Composer

                                Stanford, Charles Villiers                                                    1852-1924               Composer

                                Puccini, Giacomo Antonio Domenico                               1858-1924               Composer

                                Scharwenka, Franz Xaver                                                   1850-1924               Composer

                                Spitteler, Carl Friedrich Georg                                            1845-1924

                                Sullivan, Louis                                                                      1856-1924

                                Thibault, Jacques Anatole (France)                                  1844-1924

                                Wilson, Woodrow                                                               1856-1924               President

1925                        The Window (Pierre Bonnard)

                                Still-life with a Jug (Louis Marcoussis)

                                The Golden Fish (Paul Klee)

                                Countercomposition and Dissonances No. 16 (Theo van Doesburg)

                                Russian Wedding (Marc Chagall)

                                Concentric Group (Oskar Schlemmer)

                                Poster for the film Battleship Potemkin (Alexander Rodchenko)

                                The Resurrection, Cookham (Sir Stanley Spencer)

                                Mackerel (Seiho) (Japan)

                                An American Tragedy (Dreiser)

                                The Great Gatsby (Fitzgerald)

                                The Big Parade (King Vidor)

                                The Freshman (Sam Taylor / Fred Newmeyer)

                                The General (Buster Keaton)

                                The Gold Rush (Charlie Chaplin)

                                Greed (Erich von Stroheim)

                                Potemkin (Sergei Eisenstein)

                                Yves Tanguy joins the original Surrealists

                                Locarno Conference - the great powers agree to put disputes to arbitration-Briand chief architect (Locarno Pact)

                                Arab uprising in Morocco led by abd-el-Krim (-1926)

                                John T. Scopes found guilt teaching evolution in Dayton, Tennessee (7/24)

                                Keilin's discovery of cytochromes and the beginning of molecular biology

                                Louis Armstrong back in Chicago

                                Bessie Smith & Louis Armstrong record together (1/24)

                                Concerto Grosso                                                  Bloch

                                Wozzeck                                                                Berg

                                Music for the Theater                                         Copland

                                Berio, Luciano                                                                      1925-2003               Composer

                                Boulez, Pierre                                                                        1925-                       Composer

                                Delerue, Georges                                                                  1925-1992

                                Deleuze, Gilles                                                                      1925-1995

                                Dieskau, Dietrich Fischer                                                    1925-

                                Esaki, Leo                                                                              1925-

                                Kaufman, Bob                                                                       1925-1986

                                King, B.B.                                                                              1925-                       Musician

                                Lamb, Peter                                                                           1925-                       Musician

                                Mishima, Yukio                                                                    1925-1970

                                Mitchell, Joan                                                                       1925-1992

                                O’Connor, Flannery                                                             1925-1964

                                Peterson, Oscar                                                                    1925-                       Musician

                                Rauschenberg, Robert                                                        1925-                       Painter

                                Schuller, Gunther                                                                 1925-                       Composer

                                Smith, Jimmy                                                                         1925-2005               Musician

                                Tinguely, Jean                                                                      1925-                       Sculptor (Fribourg, Switzerland)

                                Van der Meer, Simon                                                           1925-

                                Wetherell, Eric                                                                      1925-                       Musician

                                Bellows, George                                                                   1882-1925

                                Bryan, William Jennings                                                     1860-1925

                                Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob                                        1848-1925

                                Haggard, Henry Rider                                                         1856-1925               Writer (England)

                                Heaviside, Oliver                                                                  1850-1925

                                Hugel, Friedrich von                                                            1852-1925

                                McTaggart, J. M. E.                                                             1866-1925

                                Moszkowski, Moritz                                                            1854-1925               Composer

                                Posse, Wilhelm                                                                     1852-1925               Composer

                                Reymont, Wladyslaw Stanislaw (Rejment)                      1867-1925

                                Sargent, John Singer                                                           1856-1925               Painter

                                Satie, Erik                                                                               1866-1925               Composer (France)

                                Sun Yat Sen                                                                          1866-1925               Chinese Revolutionary (Canton)

1926                        Visit to a Children's Hospital (Kathe Kollwitz)

                                View of the Thames (Oskar Kokoschka)

                                Black Iris (Georgia O'Keefe)

                                Dr. Mayer Herman (Otto Dix)

                                The Man of the Sea (Rene Magritte)

                                The Menaced Assassin (Rene Magritte)

                                Winnie the Pooh (Milne)

                                The Sun Also Rises (Hemingway)

                                For Heaven's Sake (Sam Taylor)

                                Metropolis (Fritz Lang)

                                First all-sound films

                                General strike in Great Britain

                                Imperial Conference defines nature of British Commonwealth of Nations

                                Germany is admitted to the League of Nations

                                Army in Portugal overthrows government

                                Stalin establishes control in USSR

                                Zinoviev, Trotsky, and Kamenev removed from Soviet Politburo

                                Arab uprising in Morocco led by abd-el-Krim crushed by France and Spain

                                Northern Expedition - reunification of China under the Kuomintang (-1928)

                                Canberra becomes the federal capital of Australia

                                NOBEL PEACE PRIZE : Aristide Briand (France) & Gustav Stresemann

                                First liquid rocket launched- Dr. Robert H. Goddard (3/16)

                                Savoy Ballroom opens in Harlem

                                Okeh switches to electric microphone recording method

                                Melody Maker magazine first published

                                Thomas “Fats” Waller records

                                Ellington’s first electric recordings for Gennett (4)

                                Madagascan Songs                                             Ravel

                                Hary Janos                                                            Kodaly

                                The Girl Friend                                                      Rodgers & Hart

                                Cardillac                                                                 Hindemith

                                Piano Concerto                                                     Copland

                                First Symphony                                                    Shostakovich

                                Abernathy, Ralph David                                                     1926-

                                Berry, Chuck                                                                         1926-                       Musician                              

                                Blamont, Jacques                                                                 1926-

                                Burnside, R.L.                                                                       1926-2005               Musician

                                Coltrane, John                                                                      1926-1967               Musician

                                Creeley, Robert                                                                     1926-

                                Davis, Miles                                                                          1926-1991               Musician

                                Donaldson, Lou                                                                   1926-                       Musician

                                Feldman, Morton                                                                 1926-1987               Musician

                                Fo, Dario                                                                                1926-

                                Foucalt, Michel                                                                    1926-1984

                                Fowles, John                                                                         1926-

                                Ginsberg, Allen                                                                    1926-1997               Poet

                                Glaser, D. A.                                                                          1926-

                                Henze, Hans Werner                                                           1926-                       Musician

                                Holmes, John Clellon                                                           1926-1988

                                Kendall, Henry Way                                                            1926-

                                Koshiba, Masatoshi                                                            1926-

                                Lee, Tsung Dao                                                                    1926-

                                Mottleson, Ben R.                                                                1926-

                                O’Hara, Frank                                                                       1926-1966               Novelist/Writer

                                Queen Elizabeth                                                                   1926-

                                Reed, Jimmy                                                                          1925-1976               Musician

                                Tjader, Cal                                                                             1925-1982               Musician

                                Reisz, Karel                                                                           1926-2002

                                Salaam, Abdus                                                                     1926-1996

                                Smith, Jimmy                                                                         1925-2005               Musician

                                Thornton, Big Mama                                                           1926-1984               Singer

                                Tudor, David Eugene                                                          1926-1996

                                Welch, Lew                                                                           1926-1971

                                Wertmuller, Lina                                                                   1926-

                                Abbott, Edwin Abbott                                                        1838-1926               Clergyman/Author

                                Cassatt, Mary                                                                       1844-1926

                                Debs, Eugene V.                                                                   1855-1926               Socialist Leader (Terre Haute, IN

                                Euken, Rudolf  Christolf                                                      1846-1926

                                Monet, Claude                                                                      1840-1926

                                Moran, Thomas                                                                    1837-1926

                                Onnes, Heike Kamerlingh                                                   1853-1926

                                Pennell, Joseph                                                                    1857-1926

                                Rilke, Rainier Maria                                                              1875-1926

                                Sun Yat Sen                                                                          1866-1925               Chinese Revolutionary (Canton)

                                Tilden, William Augustus                                                  1842-1926

                                Turro y Darder, Ramon                                                       1854-1926

1927                        Madonna and Child (Epstein)

                                My Egypt (Charles Demuth)

                                Monteure (Baumeister)

                                Page Boy at Maxims (Soutine)

                                The Great Forest (Ernst)

                                The New Lazarus (Evergood)

                                Mother and Child at Play (Chaim Gross)

                                Giants in the Earth (Rolvaag)

                                To the Lighthouse (Woolf)

                                Strange Interlude (O'Neill)

                                The Future of an Illusion (Freud)

                                It (Josef von Sternberg)

                                The Jazz Singer (Alan Crosland)

                                The Kid Brother (Ted Wilde)

                                The King of Kings (Cecil B. DeMille)

                                Napoleon (Abel Gance)

                                The Student Prince of Old Heidelberg (Ernst Lubitsch)

                                Sunrise (F. W. Murnau)

                                Wings (William A. Wellman)

                                Simon Commission in India

                                Chiang Kai-shek, successor to Sun-Yat-sen, purges Communists, sets up government at Nanking

                                Communists and Kuomintang split into separate political factions - each claiming legacy of Sun Yat Sen

                                Chinese Civil War between Communists and Nationalists

                                American Charles Lindbergh makes first solo trans-Atlantic flight

                                Ferdinand I -                         (Romania)                                              King

                                Michael +                              (Romania)                                              King

                                First television transmission

                                W. Heisenberg and others propound "uncertainty principle" in quantum physics

                                International Musicological Society founded at Basle

                                Bristol TN Sessions with Jimmy Rodgers & Carter Family (Aug. 1st) Ralph Peer Victor

                                Ellington moves to Cotton Club

                                Schwanda, the Bagpiper                                     Weinberger

                                Steichquartett Nr. 3                                              Bartok

                                Oedipus Rex                                                          Stravinsky

                                Second Symphony (“1917”)                               Shostakovich

                                Show Boat                                                             Kern & Hammerstein

                                A Connecticut Yankee                                        Rodgers & Hart

                                Jonny spielt auf                                                    Krenek

                                Aufstieg und Fall der stadt Mahagonny         Weill

                                Argento, Dominic                                                                1927-                       Musician

                                Gielen, Michael                                                                     1927-                       Musician

                                Grass, Gunter                                                                        1927-

                                Henry, Pierre                                                                         1927-

                                Jones, Elvin                                                                           1927-2004               Musician

                                Kienholz, Ed                                                                          1927-1994

                                Kolakowski, Leszek                                                             1927-

                                Konitz, Lee                                                                            1927-                       Musician

                                Lamantia, Philip                                                                    1927-

                                Milburn, Amos                                                                     1927-1980               Musician

                                Muller, Karl Alex                                                                  1927-

                                Perl, Martin Lewis                                                                1927-

                                Plimpton, George                                                                  1927-2003

                                Taniyama, Yukata                                                                1927-1958

                                Yepes, Narisco                                                                     1927-                       Guitarist

                                Adams, Brooker                                                                   1848-1927

                                Arrhenius, Svante August                                                 1859-1927

                                Bury, John Bagnell                                                              1861-1927               Historian

                                Duncan, Isadora                                                                   1878-1927

                                Fuchs, Robert                                                                       1847-1927               Composer

                                Gris, Juan                                                                               1887-1927               Painter

                                Salmon, Lucy Maynard                                                       1853-1927

                                Stenhammar, Wilhelm                                                          1871-1927               Composer

                                Titchener, Edward Bradford                                               1867-1927

1928                        Grutze Tower, Treptow (Lyonel Feininger)

                                The Shopper (Kenneth Hayes Miller)

                                I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (Charles Demuth)

                                Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence)

                                Point Counter Point (Huxley)

                                John Brown's Body (Benet)

                                The Crowd (King Vidor)

                                The Docks of New York (Josef von Sternberg)

                                The Last Command (Josef von Sternberg)

                                Pandora's Box (G. W. Pabst)

                                Passion of Joan of Arc (Carl Theodore Dreyer)

                                The Wedding March (Erich von Stroheim)

                                The Wind (Victor Seastrom)

                                Kellog-Briand Pact - signed in Paris - great powers denounce ("outlaw") war (Pact of Paris)

                                Adoption of First Five-Year Plan in Russia

                                Muslim Brotherhood founded in Egypt as a self-declared Salafi movement

                                China Rebublic unified under Chiang Kai-shek             

                                Dirigible Graf Zeppelin crosses Atlantic

                                Big Bull Market

                                Muslim Brotherhood forms               

                                Ras Tafari +                           (Ethiopia)                                               (-1930)    Negus

                                Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin

                                First radio broadcast of New York Philharmonic

                                Albert Ammons, Pinetop Smith, Meade Lux Lewis live in same boarding house in Chicago

                                Variations for Orchestra                                   Schoenberg

                                Bolero                                                                    Ravel

                                Steichquartett Nr. 4                                            Bartok

                                Symphony, Op. 21                                               Webern

                                Three-penny opera                                              Weill

                                The Nose (Opera)                                                Shostakovich

                                Abrikosov, Alexei A.                                                           1928-

                                Albee, Edward                                                                      1928-

                                Alpert, Richard (Ram Daas)                                                1928-

                                Bussard, Robert W.                                                             1928-                       Nuclear Physicist (United States)

                                Chomsky, Noam                                                                   1928-                       Political Theorist

                                Damone, Vic                                                                          1928-

                                Dolphy, Eric                                                                          1928-1964               Musician

                                Druckman, Jacob                                                                  1928-                       Musician

                                Frankenthaler, Helen                                                           1928-

                                Hundertwasser, Friedensreich                                           1928-2000

                                Kroemer, Herbert                                                                  1928-

                                Kubrick, Stanley                                                                   1928-1999               Filmmaker

                                Laye, Camara                                                                        1928-1980

                                Marquez, Gabriel Garcia                                                      1928-      

                                Reich, Charles                                                                       1928-

                                Richardson, Tony                                                                1928-1991

                                Rivette, Jacques                                                                   1928-

                                Roemer, Michael                                                                  1928-

                                Silver, Horace                                                                       1928-                       Musician

                                Stockhausen, Karlheinz                                                      1928-                       Composer

                                Toffler, Alvin                                                                        1928-

                                Twombly, Cy                                                                        1928-

                                Warhol, Andy                                                                      1928-1987

                                Wiesel, Elie                                                                           1928-

                                Abbe, Robert                                                                        1851-1928

                                Besant, Annie                                                                       1847-1928

                                Foy, Edwin Fitzgerald                                                          1854-1928               Actor/Comedian (US)

                                Fuller, Loie                                                                            1862-1928

                                Gilbert, Henry Franklin Belknap                                         1868-1928               Composer

                                Granados, Enrique                                                               1894-1928               Composer

                                Haldane, Richard Burdon                                                   1856-1928               Statesman/Philosopher (England)

                                Janacek, Leos                                                                       1854-1928               Composer

                                Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon                                                    1853-1928

                                Scheler, Max                                                                         1874-1928

                                Svevo, Italo                                                                           1861-1928

                                Wien, Wilhelm                                                                      1864-1928

1929                        Reclining Nude (Henri Matisse)

                                Amphitryon (Giraudoux)

                                The Sound and the Fury (Faulkner)

                                You Can’t Go Home Again (Wolfe)

                                Look Homeward Angel (Wolfe)

                                Mies Van der Rohe's German Pavilion

                                Young Plan - reassesses German reparation payments - replaces Dawes Plan

                                Lateran Treaties - between Italy and the papacy

                                Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes  changes its name to Yugoslavia

                                Bukharin ousted from Politburo

                                First major conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine

                                United States stock market collapses in New York, leading to worldwide economic depression (10) (-1939)

                                American explorer Richard Byrd flies over South Pole

                                First Safety Engineered Super Highway intersection built in US at US RT 1 & Rt 35 Woodbridge

                                Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovers penicillin

                                Hubble's Law - Sir Edwin Hubble posits that the universe is expanding -

                                John II +                                (Liechtenstein)                                    Prince

                                Francis I de Paula +            (Liechtenstein)                                    Prince

                                Decca Records formed

                                Neues vom Tage                                                   Hindemith

                                Cassavetes, John                                                                 1929-1989                Director/Actor

                                Crumb, George                                                                      1929-                       Composer

                                Evans, Bill                                                                             1929-1980               Musician

                                Gehry, Frank                                                                         1929-                       Architect

                                Gell-Mann, Murray                                                              1929-                       Physicist

                                Giaever, Ivar                                                                          1929-                      Physicist

                                Habermas, Jurgen                                                                1929-                       Philosopher

                                Kertesz, Imre                                                                         1929-

                                Lauterbur, Paul C.                                                                1929-2007                Chemist

                                Leighton, Kenneth                                                               1929-1988               Musician

                                Lenoir, J.B.                                                                            1929-1967               Musician

                                King, Martin Luther                                                             1929-1968

                                Mossbauer, R. L.                                                                  1929-2011

                                Muczynski, Robert                                                              1929- 2010               Musician

                                Oldenburg, Claes                                                                 1929-                       Visual Artist (Stockholm, Sweden)

                                Pass, Joe                                                                                1929-1994               Musician

                                Salih, Tayeb                                                                          1929-2009               Writer

                                Sculthorpe, Peter                                                                  1929-                       Musician

                                Taylor, Cecil                                                                          1929-                       Musician

                                Taylor, Richard E.                                                                1929-                        Physicist

                                Berliner, Emile                                                                       1851-1929               Engineer

                                Bode, Wilhelm von                                                              1845-1929

                                Hastings, Thomas                                                                1860-1929

                                Lehman, Lilli                                                                          1848-1929

                                Messager, Andre Charles Prosper                                    1853-1929               Composer

                                Sepharial (Walter Old)                                                         1864-1929

                                Smith, Pinetop                                                                      1899-1929               Musician

1930                        Fox Trot (Piet Mondrian)

                                The Castle Mountain of S. (Paul Klee)

                                Early Sunday morning (Edward Hopper)

                                Bouquet Abstraction (Arthur Beecher Carles)

                                Prometheus (Jose Clemente Orozco)

                                City Activities with Subway (Thomas Hart Benton)

                                American Gothic (Grant Wood)

                                Haunted House (Morris Kantor)

                                Mrs. R. A. Glover (Pavel Tchelitchew)

                                Church at Treboul (Christopher Wood)

                                The Large Maternity (Julio Gonzalez) (-1933)

                                Light Space Modulator (Laszlo Moholy-Nagy)

                                The Revolt of the Masses (Ortega y Gasset)

                                The Bridge (Harol Hart Crane)

                                As I Lay Dying (William Faulkner)

                                Civilization and It’s Discontents (Freud)

                                All Quiet on the Western Front (Lewis Milestone)

                                Anna Christie (Clarence Brown)

                                Earth (Alexander Dovzhenko)

                                King of Jazz (John Murray Anderson)

                                L'Age d'Or (Luis Bunuel)

                                Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (6/17)

                                Bloodless coup d'etat in Brazil topples Washington Luis Pereira de Sousa (10/24)

                                -----------------------------------------------------------------

                                London Naval Conference - great powers fail to agree on naval limitations

                                Reichstag election marks the emergence of the Nazi Party as a major power

                                Treaty of Ankara - between Greece and Turkey

                                Civil Disobedience Movement in India

                                World depression reaches Japan

                                Getulio Vargas begins 15-year rule in Brazil

                                The Great Depression comes to Latin America

                                Pluto discovered

                                Michael -                               (Romania)                                              King

                                Carol II +                                (Romania)                                              King

                                Fourth Symphony                                                Prokofiev

                                Symphony of Psalms                                           Stravinsky

                                Christophe Colomb                                              Milhaud

                                "Get Happy"                                                         Harold Arlen

                                Third Symphony (“May the First”)

                                Achebe, Chinua                                                                   1930-                       Writer

                                Alferov, Zhores I.                                                                1930-

                                Austin, Larry                                                                        1930-                       Musician

                                Bailey, William                                                                      1930-

                                Branden, Nathaniel                                                              1930-

                                Brown, Clifford                                                                     1930-1956               Musician

                                Chabrol, Claude                                                                    1930-

                                Charles, Ray                                                                          1930-2004               Musician

                                Coleman, Ornette                                                                 1930-                       Musician

                                Cooper, Leon N.                                                                   1930-

                                Corso, Gregory                                                                     1930-2001               Writer

                                Derrida, Jacques                                                                   1930-                       Philosopher

                                Dubois, Pierre Max                                                              1930-1995               Musician

                                Friedman, Jerome Isaac                                                       1930-

                                Godard, Jean Luc                                                                 1930-

                                Gray, Reginald                                                                      1930-

                                Guattari, Felix                                                                        1930-1992

                                Hooker, Earl                                                                          1930-1970               Musician

                                Hope, Peter                                                                           1930-                       Musician

                                Jacobs, Marion “Little Walter”                                          1930-1968               Musician

                                Johns, Jasper                                                                        1930-

                                Pinter, Harold                                                                        1930-

                                Snyder, Gary                                                                         1930-                       Poet

                                Sondheim, Stephen                                                              1930-                       Composer

                                Spann, Otis                                                                           1930-1970               Musician

                                Stein, Ronald                                                                        1930-1988               Musician

                                Takemitsu, Toru                                                                   1930-1996               Composer

                                Tormis, Veljo                                                                         1930-                       Musician

                                Walcott, Derek                                                                     1930-

                                Aakjaer, Jeppe                                                                      1866-1930

                                Balfour, Arthur James                                                         1848-1930

                                Calkins, Mary Whiton                                                         1863-1930

                                Dow, Herbert Henry                                                            1866-1930

                                Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan                                                     1859-1930               Novelist

                                Jefferson, Blind Lemon                                                       1897-1930               Blues Musician

                                Lawrence, D. H.                                                                    1885-1930               Novelist

                                Mayakovsky, Vladimir                                                        1893-1930               Futurist Poet (Baghdati, Georgia) (4/13)

                                Ramsey, F. P.                                                                        1903-1930

                                Taft, William Howard                                                          1857-1930               President

                                Wagner, Siegfried                                                                1869-1930               Composer

                                Warlock, Peter                                                                      1894-1930               Musician

1931                        The Blue Clown (Walt Kuhn)

                                That Which I Should Have Done and Did Not Do (Ivan Albright) (-1941)

                                The Passion of Saccoand Vanzetti (Ben Shahn) (-1932)

                                Pointe a l'oeil (Alberto Giacometti)

                                Mourning Becomes Elektra (O'Neill)

                                The Dream Life of Balso Snell (Nathanael West)

                                Man and Technics (Spengler)

                                City Lights (Charlie Chaplin)

                                La Chienne (Jean Renoir)

                                M (Fritz Lang)

                                Labour Party defeated in general election - National Government (coalition) forms in Great Britain

                                Statute of Westminster - clarifies status of Great Britain and dominions

                                Great Britain  abandons the gold standard

                                Second Republic in Spain - King Alfonso XIII flees the country

                                Mukden Incident - leading to Japanese conquest of Manchuria

                                Japanese occupy Manchuria

                                Gaston Doumergue -           (France)

                                Paul Doumer +                     (France)

                                Alfonso XIII -                        (Spain)                                   House of Bourbon 

                                Ionisation                                                              Edgar Varese

                                Of Thee I Sing                                                      George Gershwin

                                Belshazzar's Feast                                                William Walton

                                Brendel, Alfred                                                                     1931-

                                Burrell, Kenny                                                                      1931-                       Musician

                                Cronin, James Watson                                                        1931-

                                Demy, Jacques                                                                     1931-1990

                                Giacconi, Riccardi                                                                1931-

                                Green, Grant                                                                          1931-1979               Musician

                                Gubaidulina, Sofia                                                                1931-                       Composer

                                Kagel, Mauricio                                                                    1931-

                                Lee, David M.                                                                       1931-

                                Morel, Jorge                                                                          1931-                       Musician

                                Morrison, Toni                                                                     1931-                       Writer

                                Motian, Paul                                                                         1931-                       Musician

                                Richter, Burton                                                                     1931-

                                Schreiffer, John Robert                                                       1931-

                                Scola, Ettore                                                                          1931-

                                Turner, Ike                                                                             1931-                       Musician

                                Veltman, Martinus J. G.                                                       1931-

                                Beiderbecke, Bix                                                                   1903-1931               Musician

                                Belasco, David                                                                     1859-1931

                                Blumenfeld, Felix                                                                  1863-1931               Composer

                                Bolden, Buddy                                                                     1877-1931               Musician

                                Chadwick, George Whitefield                                            1854-1931               Composer

                                d’Indy, Paul Marie Theodore Vincent                              1851-1931               Composer

                                Edison, Thomas Alva                                                          1847-1931

                                Karlfeldt, Erik Axel                                                               1864-1931

                                Michelson, Albert Abraham                                              1852-1931

                                Nielsen, Carl August                                                           1865-1931               Composer

                                Petit, Buddie                                                                         1895-1931               Musician

                                Rolvaag, Ole Edvart                                                             1876-1931

                                Ysaye, Eugene                                                                      1851-1931               Composer

1932                        Christ Mocked by Soldiers (Georges Rouault)

                                Girl before a mirror (Pablo Picasso)

                                Au Chat Botte (Ben Nicholson)

                                Agnostic Symbol (Salvador Dali)

                                Monks Reading (Barlach)

                                Monkey and Young (John B. Flannagan)

                                Matisse, Picasso, and Gertrude Stein (Stein)

                                Voyage au bout de la nuit (Celine)

                                Boudu Saved From Drowning (Jean Renoir)

                                Grand Hotel (Edmund Goulding)

                                I Am a Fugitive from the Chain Gang (Mervyn LeRoy)

                                Love Me Tonight (Rouben Mamoulian)

                                Mata Hari (George Fitzmaurice)

                                The Phantom President (Norman Taurog)

                                Trouble in Paradise (Ernst Lubitsch)

                                Imperial conference at Ottawa - Great Britain gives limited trading preference to Commonwealth

                                Disarmament conference meets at Geneva but accomplishes nothing

                                Reichstag elections  - Nazis emerge as largest party but without a majority

                                Portuguese finance minister, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar becomes dictator of Portugal

                                Iraq granted independence

                                Japan sets up puppet state Manchukuo in Manchuria

                                Japanese occupation of Shanghai

                                Abandonment of party cabinets in Japan

                                War between Paraguay and Bolivia over the Chaco region (-1935)

                                Democratic Party has majority in November U.S. elections

                                Paul Doumer -                       (France)

                                Albert Lebrun +                    (France)

                                Antonio Salazar +                (Portugal)                                              Dictator (de Oliveira)

                                Discovery of the neutron

                                Cyclotron developed

                                Art Tatum arrives in NY, makes first records 

                                Moses und Aron                                                 Schoenberg

                                Two Piano Concertos                                          Ravel                                                     

                                Fifth Piano Concerto                                           Prokofiev              

                                Botero, Fernando                                                                 1932

                                Castiglione, Niccolo                                                            1932-                       Musician

                                Cranshaw, Bob                                                                     1932-                       Musician

                                Gennes, Pierre Gilles de                                                       1932-

                                Glashow, Sheldon Lee                                                         1932-

                                Gould, Glenn                                                                         1932-                       Pianist

                                Hodgkin, Howard                                                                 1932-

                                Kitaj, Ronald Brooks                                                           1932-

                                Lester, Richard                                                                     1932-

                                McClure, Michael                                                                1932-

                                Naipaul, Vidiadhar Surajprasad                                         1932-

                                Norgard, Per                                                                          1932-                       Composer

                                Paik, Nam Jun                                                                       1932-

                                Richter, Gerhard                                                                   1932-                       Artist (Dresden, Germany)

                                Schwartz, Melvin                                                                 1932-

                                Tartovsky, Andrei                                                               1932-1986               Director

                                Truffaut, Francois                                                                1932-1984               Director (France)

                                Williams, John                                                                      1932-                       Composer

                                Briand, Aristide                                                                    1862-1932               Statesman (France)

                                Crane, Harold Hart                                                               1899-1932               Writer

                                D’Albert, Eugene Francis Charles                                     1864-1932               Composer

                                Ehrenfels, Maria                                                                   1859-1932

                                Gide, Charles                                                                         1847-1932               Economist (France)

                                Ostwald, Wilhelm                                                                 1853-1932

                                Sousa, John Philip                                                               1845-1932               Composer

                                Turner, Frederick Jackson                                                  1861-1932

                                Wallas, Graham                                                                    1858-1932

1933                        Volcanic Landscape (Dr Gerardo Murillo Atl)

                                Monster Considering Four Children (Pablo Picasso)

                                Composition with Still-Life (Edwin Dickinson) (-1937)

                                Dinner for Threshers (Grant Wood)

                                Composition (Joan Miro)

                                Farmer's Revolt (William Gropper)

                                La Condition humaine (Malraux)

                                Miss Lonelyhearts (Nathanael West)

                                The Hour of Decision (Spengler)

                                A Study of History (Toynbee)

                                New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (Freud)

                                Cavalcade (Frank Lloyd)

                                Counsellor-at-Law (William Wyler)

                                Dinner at Eight (George Cukor)

                                Duck Soup (Leo McCary)

                                42nd Street (Lloyd Bacon)

                                King Kong (Merian C. Cooper)

                                Lady for a Day (Frank Capra)

                                Little Women (George Cukor)

                                The Private Life of Henry VIII (Alexander Korda)

                                Queen Christina (Rouben Mamoulian)

                                She Done Him Wrong (Lowell Sherman)

                                Zero for Conduct (Jean Vigo)

                                Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor by German President Paul von Hindenburg (1/30)

                                Burning of the German Reichstag (2/27)

                                Reichstag Fire Decree (2/28)

                                FDR inauguration (3/4)

                                Mohammed Nadir Shah of Afghanistan is assassinated (11/8)

                                International economic conference in London

                                Germany withdraws from League of Nations

                                National Socialists begin to eliminate all opposition and gain control of Germany

                                Anarchist uprising in Barcelona put down by Spanish government

                                Communist Party in USSR purged by Stalin

                                Prohibition (Volstead Act)  repealed in the United States

                                Bank crisis

                                Beginning of New Deal

                                Fifth Party System in the United States (-?)

                                Hundred Days

                                Legal Tender Act

                                US officially recognizes USSR

                                Adolf Hitler +                        (Germany)                                              Chancellor (-1945)

                                Franklin D. Roosevelt +      (United States)                                     President (-1944)

                                Astatic Corporation manufactures it's first microphone

                                London Philharmonic Orchestra forms

                                Schoenberg moves to LA as Nazis seize power in Germany

                                Arabella                                                                 R. Strauss

                                Persephone                                                           Stravinsky

                                Mathis der Maler                                                 Hindemith

                                First Piano Concerto                                            Shostakovich

                                Bacalov, Luis Enriquez                                                        1933-

                                Costa-Gavras                                                                        1933-

                                Gorecki, Henryk Mikolaj                                                     1933-                       Composer

                                Jones, Quincy                                                                       1933-                       Composer

                                Kosinski, Jerzy                                                                     1933-1991

                                Mansfield, Peter                                                                   1933-

                                Ono, Yoko                                                                             1933-

                                Orlovsky, Peter                                                                     1933-

                                Penderecki, Krzyzstof                                                          1933-                       Composer

                                Penzias, Arno Allan                                                             1933-

                                Roerer, Heinrich                                                                   1933-

                                Roth, Phillip                                                                          1933-

                                Rosenquist, James                                                               1933

                                Shorter, Wayne                                                                    1933-                       Musician

                                Smith, Byther                                                                        1933-

                                Sontag, Susan                                                                      1933-

                                Subotnick, Morton                                                              1933-

                                Tannoudji, Claude Cohen                                                   1933-

                                Weinberg, Steven                                                                 1933-

                                Babbit, Irving                                                                        1865-1933

                                Coolidge, Calvin                                                                   1872-1933               Statesman (US)

                                Galsworthy, John                                                                 1867-1933

                                Keppard, Freddie                                                                 1889-1933               Musician

                                Moore, George Augustus                                                  1852-1933

                                Saintsbury, George Edward Bateman                               1845-1933

                                Schillings, Max von                                                             1868-1933               Composer

                                Tiffany, Louis Comfort                                                        1848-1933

1934                        The Eternal City (Peter Blume) (-1937)

                                The Conquest of Time (Merlyn Evans)

                                Hybrid Fruit called Pagoda (arp)

                                Joseph and His Brothers (Mann)

                                 A Cool Million (Nathanael West)

                                It Happened One Night (Frank Capra)

                                It's a Gift (Norman Z. McCleod)

                                La Atalante (Jean Vigo)

                                The Lost Patrol (John Ford)

                                Man of Aran (Robert Flaherty)

                                The Thin Man (W. S. Van Dyke)

                                Twentieth Century (Howard Hawks)

                                President Hindenburg dies - Hitler becomes Fuhrer of Germany (8/2)

                                Austrian chancellor Dolfuss killed by the Nazis

                                Purge of the Nazi party

                                Assassination of Kirov - beginning of Great Purges in USSR

                                Balkan Pact - between Turkey, Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia

                                Mao Tse-tung leads Chinese Communists northward on Long March from Kiangsi (-1935)

                                Gold Reserve Act  - US adopts modified gold bullion standard

                                Lazaro Cardenas stabilizes Mexico - implements the revolution (-1940)

                                Albert I -                                (Belgium)                                               House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Leopold III +                         (Belgium)                                               House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Paul von Hindenburg -        (Germany)                                              President

                                Adolf Hitler +                        (Germany)                                              Fuhrer

                                Alexander I -                         (Yugoslavia)                                         King

                                Peter II +                                (Yugoslavia)                                         King

                                Paul +                                     (Yugoslavia)                                         Regent

                                Adrian studies in the electric nature of nerve impulses

                                Joliet discovers phenonmenon of induced radioactivity

                                American Musicological Society founded in New York

                                Benny Goodman forms his own band

                                Ella Fitzgerald joins Chick Webb band

                                Streichquartett Nr. 5                                            Bartok

                                Three Sisters                                                         Hammerstein & Kern

                                Lieutenant Kije                                                     Prokofiev

                                Anything Goes                                                     Cole Porter

                                Four Saints in Three Acts                                  Thompson

                                Porgy & Bess                                                       Gershwin

                                Lady Macbeth of Mzensk                                  Shostakovich

                                Birtwistle, Harrison                                                              1934-                       Composer

                                Cherry, Don                                                                          1934-1995               Musician

                                Chowning, John                                                                   1934-                      

                                Cohen, Leonard                                                                    1934-                       Poet

                                Davies, Peter Maxwell                                                         1934-                       Musician

                                Di Prima, Diane                                                                     1934-

                                Jones, Leroy (Amanu Amiri Bakara)                                 1934-

                                King, Freddy                                                                         1934-1976               Musician

                                Mathias, William                                                                  1934-1992               Musician

                                McLeod, John                                                                      1934-                       Musician

                                Moog, Robert                                                                       1934-2005

                                Rubbia, Carlo                                                                        1934-

                                Rush, Otis                                                                             1934-

                                Sagan, Carl                                                                            1934-

                                Schnittke, Alfred                                                                  1934-                       Composer

                                Soyinka, Wole                                                                      1934-

                                Tenney, James                                                                      1934-

                                Curie, Marie Slodowska                                                      1867-1934

                                Delius, Frederick Theodor Albert                                      1862-1934               Composer

                                Elgar, Edward William                                                         1857-1934               Composer

                                Holst, Gustav Thoedore                                                     1874-1934               Composer

                                Jerome, Jerome Klapka                                                        1859-1934

                                Patton, Charley                                                                     1887-1934               Guitarist

                                Widor, Charles Marie Jean Albert                                     1844-1934               Composer

1935                        Composition with Two Parrots (Fernand Leger) (-1939)

                                Two Women (Pablo Picasso)

                                Man in Four Aspects (Jose Clemente Orozco)

                                Murder in the Cathedral (T. S. Eliot)

                                Black Reconstruction (W.E.B. Du Bois)

                                Anna Karenina (Clarence Brown)

                                Bride of Frankenstein (James Whale)

                                David Copperfield (George Cukor)

                                The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (Henry Hathaway)

                                Mutiny on the Bounty (Frank Lloyd)

                                A Night at the Opera (Sam Wood)

                                Ruggles of Red Gap (Leo McCarey)

                                A Tale of Two Cities (Jack Conway)

                                Top Hat (Mark Sandrich)

                                The 39 Steps (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Hitler renounces Treaty of Versailles - announces policy of rearmament

                                Nuremberg Laws - persecution of Jews begins in Germany

                                Italian forces invade Ethiopia (Abyssinia) - League of Nations fails to intervene effectively

                                Monarchy restored in Greece

                                Persia officially called Iran

                                Government of India Act - passed by British Parliament - sets up provincial councils

                                Long March reaches Yenan

                                Second Hundred Days

                                Social Security Act and welfare state

                                First neutrality legislation in the US

                                Georgios Kondylis +-          (Greece)                                                 Regent

                                George II +                            (Greece)                                                 King (rethroned)

                                Count Basie takes over Bennie Motens Band in Kansas City

                                Benny Goodman and his Orchestra usher in the Swing Era at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles (8/21)

                                Fourth Symphony                                                                Vaughan Williams

                                Violin Concerto                                                    Berg

                                Joan of Arc at the Stake                                      Honegger

                                Porgy and Bess                                                    Gershwin

                                Brautigan, Richard                                                               1935-1984

                                Cotton, James                                                                       1935-

                                Dalai Lama                                                                             1935-

                                Kancheli, Giya                                                                      1935-                       Composer

                                Kesey, Ken Elton                                                                 1935-2001               Writer

                                Lewis, Jerry Lee                                                                    1935-                       Musician

                                Maw, Nicholas                                                                     1935-                       Musician

                                Oe, Kenzaburo                                                                      1935-

                                Part, Arvo                                                                              1935-                       Composer

                                Presley, Elvis Aron                                                              1935-1977               Musician

                                Sagan, Francoise                                                                  1935-

                                Said, Edward                                                                         1935-2003

                                Young, LaMonte                                                                  1935-

                                Addams, Jane                                                                       1860-1935

                                Berg, Alban Maria Johannes                                             1885-1935               Composer

                                Bourget, Paul                                                                        1852-1935

                                Cowen, Sir Frederic Hymen                                                1852-1935               Composer

                                Demuth, Charles                                                                   1883-1935

                                Dukas, Paul                                                                           1865-1935               Composer

                                Halvorsen, Johan                                                                 1864-1935               Composer

                                Hassam, Childe                                                                     1859-1935

                                Ippolitov-Ivanov, Mikhail Mihaylovich                           1859-1935               Composer

                                Loeffler, Charles Martin Tornow                                       1861-1935               Composer

                                Malevich, Kasimir                                                                1878-1935               Painter/Art Theorist  (Kiev)  (5/15)

                                Moten, Bennie                                                                      1894-1935               Musician

                                Pessoa, Fernando Antonio Noguieira                               1888-1935

                                Richet, Charles Robert                                                        1850-1935

                                Russell, George William (AE)                                             1867-1935

                                Sohlberg, Harald                                                                  1869-1935

                                Suk, Josef                                                                              1874-1935               Composer

1936                        Landscape from a Dream (Paul Nash) (-1938)

                                A Voice out of Squalor (John Heartfield)

                                Le Jet au Sang (Andre Masson)

                                Premonition of Civil War (Salvador Dali)

                                The Dialogue (Julio Castellanos)

                                Group of Women (De Creeft)

                                U.S.A. (Dos Passos)

                                Follow the Fleet (Mark Sandrich)

                                Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (Frank Capra)

                                Dodsworth (William Wyler)

                                Libeled Lady (Jack Conway)

                                Olympia (Leni Riefenstahl)

                                Swing Time (George Stevens)

                                These Three (William Wyler)

                                Edward VIII, King of England, abdicates after 325 days - George VI throned

                                Germany reoccupies Rhineland

                                Stalin Constitution approved

                                Spanish Civil War - military revolt led by General Francisco Franco against government (7/17) (-7 1939)

                                Italy and Germany support Spanish rebels - USSR sends sends aid to Republicans

                                Rome-Berlin Axis - agreement set up between Italy and Germany

                                Italians take Addis Ababa - annex Ethiopia

                                Abortive "February Mutiny" in Japan

                                George V -                             (England)

                                Edward VIII +-                      (England)

                                George VI +                           (England)

                                First television broadcast

                                A440 adopted as the standard pitch

                                Lester Young’s first recording with Basie Band

                                Violin Concerto, Op. 36                                       Schoenberg

                                Fourth String Quartet, Op. 37                             Schoenberg

                                Music for Strings, Percussion & Celesta         Bartok

                                Peter and the Wolf                                               Prokofiev

                                On Your Toes                                                       Rogers & Hart

                                The Limpid Stream (ballet)                                  Shostakovich

                                Fourth Symphony                                                                Shostakovich

                                Angelopoulos, Theo                                                           1936-

                                Bennett, Richard Rodney                                                   1936-                       Musician

                                Goodman, Sidney                                                                 1936-

                                Hesse, Eva                                                                            1936-1970

                                Holly, Buddy                                                                        1936-1959               Musician               9/7

                                Jones, Eric. L.                                                                        1936-

                                Kirk, Rashaan Roland                                                          1936-1977               Musician                               (1935)

                                Kymlicka, Milan                                                                   1936-                       Musician

                                LaFaro, Scott                                                                        1936-1961               Musician

                                Reich, Steve                                                                          1936-                       Composer

                                Ting, Samuel C. C.                                                                1936-

                                Wilson, Kenneth Geddes                                                   1936-

                                Wilson, Robert Woodrow                                                  1936-

                                Bruce, Patrick Henry                                                            1881-1936

                                Chesterson, Gilbert Keith                                                   1874-1936

                                Deledda, Grazia Madesani nee                                           1871-1936

                                Gorky, Maxim                                                                        1868-1936               Novelist/PW (Nizhni, Novgorod)

                                Diepenbrock, Alphons                                                        1862-1936               Composer

                                German, Sir Edward                                                              1862-1936               Composer

                                Glazunov, Alexander Kostantinovich                               1865-1936               Composer

                                Han-min, Hu                                                                          1886-1936

                                Housman, A. E.                                                                    1859-1936

                                Kipling, Rudyard                                                                  1865-1936

                                Korn, Alejandro                                                                   1860-1936

                                Lorca, Frederico Garcia                                                       1898-1936

                                Michels, Robert                                                                    1876-1936

                                Morgan, C. L.                                                                        1852-1936

                                Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich                                                        1849-1936

                                Pennell, Elizabeth Robins                                                   1854-1936

                                Pirandello, Luigi                                                                   1867-1936

                                Respighi, Ottorino                                                               1879-1936               Composer

                                Rickert, Heinrich                                                                   1863-1936

                                Schlick, Moritz                                                                      1882-1936

                                Spengler, Oswald                                                                 1880-1936               Historian

                                Thomas, George W.                                                             1885-1936               Composer

                                Unamuno y Jugo, Miguel de                                              1864-1936

                                Weston, Edward                                                                  1850-1936

                                Xun, Lu                                                                                  1881-1936

1937                        Smelt Brook Falls (Mardsen Hartley)

                                Female Nude (Eric Gill)

                                Guernica (Pablo Picasso)

                                Weeping Woman (Pablo Picasso)

                                Triptych (Joan Miro)           

                                Joan Miro and his Daughter Dolores (Balthus Klossowski de Rola)

                                The Late George Apley (Marquand)

                                Captain Courageous (Victor Fleming)

                                The Good Earth (Sydney Franklin)

                                The Grand Illusion (Jean Renoir)

                                Harvest (Marcel Pagnol)

                                Life of Emile Zola (William Dieterle)

                                Lost Horizon (Frank Capra)

                                Pepe le Moko (Julien Duvivier)

                                Prisoner of Zenda (John Cromwell)

                                Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (Ben Sharpsteen)

                                Stage Door (Gregory La Cava)

                                They Won't Forget (Mervyn LeRoy)

                                Un Carnet de Bal (Julien Duvivier)

                                German planes bomb Guernica, Spain  (4/28)

                                Coalition formed in Great Britain under Neville Chamberlain                                                        (5/28)

                                Camille Chautemps becomes prime minister in France in the Second Popular Front Ministry (6/22)

                                Japanese invade China - capture Shanghai and Peking (7/7)

                                Great Britain adopts policy of appeasement (10)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Inauguration of provincial autonomy in India

                                Incident at Marco Polo Bridge precipitates full scale war between Japan and China

                                Second Sino-Japanese War (-1945)

                                Sit down strikes in the US

                                Constitutional crisis

                                Economic recession

                                Anderson discovers positive electrons and mesons

                                Krebs discovers metabolic pathways

                                Hill demonstrates chloroplast reaction in plants

                                Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion          Bartok

                                Lulu                                                                        Berg

                                Carmina Burana                                                 Orff

                                Babes in Arms                                                      Rogers & Hart

                                I’d Rather Be Right                                             Rogers & Hart

                                Fifth Symhony                                                      Shostakovich

                                Baechler, Jean                                                                       1937-

                                Carter, Ron                                                                            1937-                       Musician

                                Glass, Philipp                                                                        1937-                       Composer

                                Haden, Charlie                                                                      1937-                       Musician

                                Harrison, Jim                                                                         1937-

                                Henderson, Joe                                                                    1937-                       Musician

                                Hill, Andrew                                                                          1937-                       Musician

                                Hockney, David                                                                   1937-                       Painter

                                Jennings, Waylon                                                                1937-                       Musician

                                John, Little Willie                                                                 1937-1968               Musician

                                Richardson, Robert C.                                                         1937-

                                Thompson, Hunter S.                                                          1937-                       Writer/Journalist

                                Workman, Reggie                                                                1937-                       Musician

                                Adler, Alfred                                                                         1870-1937

                                Artzibushev, Nikolai                                                            1858-1937               Composer

                                Barrie, James M.                                                                   1860-1937               Novelist/PW (Kirriemuir, Scotland)

                                Boeck, August de                                                                                1865-1937               Composer

                                Dalen, Nils G.                                                                        1869-1937

                                Dunn, Johnny                                                                       1897-1937               Musician

                                Foote, Arthur William                                                         1853-1937               Composer

                                Gershwin, George                                                 1898-1937               Composer

                                Gramsei, Antonio                                                                 1891-1937

                                Hadley, Henry Kimball                                                        1871-1937               Composer

                                Haskins, Charles Homer                                                      1870-1937

                                Hubay, Jeno                                                                          1858-1937               Composer

                                Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo                                           1847-1937

                                More, Paul Elmer                                                                  1864-1937

                                Pierne, Henri Constant Gabriel                                           1863-1937               Composer

                                Ravel, Maurice                                                                     1875-1937               Composer

                                Rockefeller, John D.                                                             1839-1937

                                Roussel, Albert Charles Paul Marie                                  1869-1937               Composer

                                Rutherford, Ernest                                                               1871-1937

                                Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott                                     1864-1937

                                Schreker, Franz                                                                     1878-1934               Composer

                                Smith, Bessie                                                                        1894-1937               Singer

                                Szymanowski, Karol                                                            1882-1937               Composer

                                Tanner, Henry Ossawa                                                       1859-1937

                                Vierne, Louis                                                                         1870-1937               Composer

                                Wharton, Edith                                                                     1862-1937

1938                        Sugaring Off (Grandma Moses)

                                Silver (Sir William Nicholson)

                                Defeat (Stanley William Hayter)

                                Bird Singing in The Moonlight (Morris Graves) (-1939)

                                Recumbent Figure (Henry Moore)

                                Adventures of Robin Hood (Michael Curtiz)

                                Alexander Nevsky (Sergei Eisenstein)

                                Bringing Up Baby (Howard Hawks)

                                Lady Vanishes (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Pygmalion (Anthony Asquith)

                                Neville Chamberlain's "appeasement" speech

                                Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg announced a plebiscite on the independence of Austria (3/8)

                                Troops of the German Wehrmacht and the SS crossed the German-Austrian border (3/12)

                                Hitler announces in Linz the Anschluss (annexation) of Austria                (3/13)

                                Munich Pact - signed by Hitler, Mussolini, Chamberlain, and Edouard Daladier (France) (9/29)

                                Munich Pact - Germany to gain Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia (9/29)

                                LSD first synthesized in Basel laboratory by Dr. Albert Hoffman while studying ergot alkaloid derivatives (11/19)

                                -----------------------------------------------------------

                                End of New Deal reforms

                                Lazaro Cardenas  of Mexico expropriates foreign oil properties

                                Francis I de Paula -             (Liechtenstein)                                    Prince

                                Francis Joseph II +             (Liechtenstein)                                    Prince

                                Energy Production in Stars (Hans Bethe)

                                Moses and Monotheism (Freud)

                                Discovery of nuclear fission

                                Penecillin developed

                                John Hammond’s From Spirituals to Swing concert at Carnegie Hall

                                Billie Holiday joins Artie Shaw’s band

                                Pete Johnson teams up with Joe Turner (Boogie Woogie Trio)

                                Violin Concerto                                                   Bartok

                                The Incredible Flutist                                         Piston

                                I Married an Angel                                             Rogers & Hart

                                The Boys from Syracuse                                     Rogers & Hart

                                Billy the Kid                                                         Copland

                                Behman, David                                                                     1938-

                                Corigliano, John                                                                   1938-                       Composer

                                Dolhenty, Jonathan                                                             1938-

                                Eustache, Jean                                                                      1938-1981

                                Harbison, John                                                                     1938-                       Musician

                                Jennings, Peter                                                                     1938-2005               Journalist (Canada)             

                                Leggett, Anthony J.                                                            1938-

                                Lightfoot, Gordon                                                                1938-                       Musician

                                Mazur, Barry                                                                         1938-                       Mathemitician

                                Morgan, Lee                                                                         1938-1972               Musician

                                Tyner, McCoy                                                                      1938-                       Musician

                                Wuorinen, Charles                                                               1938-                       Composer

                                Alexander, Samuel                                                               1859-1938

                                Barlach, Ernst                                                                       1870-1938

                                Bluemner, Oscar                                                                   1867-1938

                                Capek, Karel                                                                          1890-1938

                                Glackens, William                                                 1870-1938

                                Godowsky, Leopold                                                            1870-1938               Composer

                                Guillaume, Charles Edouard                                               1861-1938

                                Hale, George Ellery                                                              1868-1938

                                Jackson, Papa Charlie                                                          1885-1938               Musician

                                Johnson, Robert                                                                   1911-1938               Musician

                                Kirchner, Ernst                                                                     1880-1938

                                Oliver, Joe (King)                                                 1885-1938

                                Stanislavsky, Konstantin                                                   1865-1938

                                Twardowski, Kazimierz                                                        1866-1938

                                Wolfe, Thomas                                                                     1900-1938

1939                        Children (Jesus Guerriro Galvan)

                                Lobster Trap and Fish Tail (Alexander Calder)

                                Capital (Isamu Noguchi)

                                Finnegan’s Wake (Joyce)

                                Captain Horatio Hornblower (Forester)

                                The Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck)

                                The Day of the Locust (Nathanael West)

                                The Cat and the Canary (Elliot Nugent)

                                Destry Rides Again (George Marshall)

                                Drums along the Mohawk (John Ford)

                                Four Feathers (Zoltan Korda)

                                Gone with the Wind (Victor Fleming)

                                Gunga Din (George Stevens)

                                Midnight (Mitchell Leisen)

                                Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Frank Capra)

                                Of Mice and Men (Lewis Milestone)

                                The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (Michael Curtiz)

                                The Roaring Twenties (Raoul Walsh)

                                Rules of the Game (Jean Renoir)

                                Stagecoach (John Ford)

                                The Stars Look Down (Carol Reed)

                                The 39 Steps (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Wizard of Oz (Victor Fleming)

                                Wuthering Heights (William Wyler)

                                Yves Tanguy emigrates to the United States

                                Nationalists under General Franco capture Barcelona   (1/26)

                                Germany annexes Czechoslovakia    (3/10)

                                Madrid surrenders - ends Spanish Civil War  (4/1)

                                National Conference on Interstate Trade Barriers is held in Chicago - 44 states attend (4/6-8)

                                Italy invades Albania (4/7)

                                Goering states that no enemy bombing raids could penetrate Germany's air defenses (8/9)

                                Ribbentrop-Molotov Nonagression Pact (8/23)

                                General Horace Fuller cables Washington that Germany was poised for an attack on Poland (8/26)

                                Germany invades Poland - beginning of World War II (9/1)        (-1945)                                   

                                Great Britain and France declare war on Germany (9/3)

                                Russia invades Poland (9/17)

                                Nazi-Soviet Nonagression Pact - Poland partitioned between USSR and Germany (9/28-29)

                                Hitler addresses the Reichstag - declares that the war might end since Poland was the main issue (10/6)

                                Anglo-French coordinating Committee (11)

                                Russo-Finnish war - Russia invades Finland (11/30)

                                Naval battle between Admiral Graf Spee and a British cruiser squadron off the coast of Uruguay (12)

                                USSR is expelled from the League of Nations (12/14)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                "Phony War - Sitzkrieg during the winter of 39-40

                                Congress ministries resign on war issue in India

                                Pius XI -

                                Pius XII +

                                Betatron developed (D.W. Kerst)

                                Steichquartett Nr. 6                                            Bartok

                                Alexander Nevsky                                                               Prokofiev

                                Very Warm for May                                             Hammerstein & Kern

                                Too Many Girls                                                    Rogers & Hart

                                Concerto for Double String Orchestra           Tippett

                                Of Mice and Men                                                 Copland

                                “Cherokee”                                                           (Ray Noble, Charlie Barnet & Orchestra)

                                Charlie Christian joins Benny Goodman

                                “Body & Soul” recorded by Coleman Hawkins

                                “Strange Fruit” Billie Holiday records

                                Blue Note Records first recording date (Albert Ammons & Meade Lux Lewis)  (1/6)

                                Brower, Leo                                                                           1939-                       Musician

                                Heaney, Seamus                                                                   1939-

                                Nobre, Marlos                                                                      1939-                       Musician

                                Serra, Richard                                                                       1939-                       Painter

                                Tsui, Daniel C.                                                                      1939-

                                Young, Al                                                                              1939-                       Writer (Mississippi)

                                Zwilich, Ellen Taaffe                                                            1939-                       Composer

                                Abbot, Grace                                                                        1878-1939

                                Bazarov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich                                    1874-1939

                                Blondel, Maurice                                                                  1861-1939

                                Foulds, John                                                                         1880-1939               Composer

                                Freud, Sigmund                                                                    1856-1939               Psychologist

                                Ladnier, Thomas                                                                  1900-1939               Musician

                                Mucha, Alphonse                                                                                1860-1939

                                Rainey, Gertrude “Ma”                                                       1886-1939               Singer

                                Schmidt, Franz                                                                      1874-1939               Composer

                                Yeats, William Butler                                                           1865-1939

1940                        Obsequies of Alexander (Bauchant)

                                Swamp Angel (Max Ernst)

                                Gueniviere (David Jones)

                                St. Mary le Port, Bristol (John Piper)

                                Konigsmark Illustrations (Rex Whistler)

                                For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway)

                                You Can’t Go Home Again (Wolfe)

                                Dusk of Dawn (W.E.B. Du Bois)

                                Abe Lincoln in Illinois (John Cromwell)

                                The Band Dick (Dr. Eddie Cline)

                                Foreign Correspondent (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Gaslight (Thorold Dickinson)

                                The Grapes of Wrath (John Ford)

                                His Girl Friday (Howard Hawks)

                                The Philadelphia Story (George Cukor)

                                Pinocchio (Ben Sharpsteen)

                                Pride and Prejudice (Robert Z. Leonard)

                                Rebecca (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                The Sea Hawk (Michael Curtiz)

                                Thief of Baghdad (Ludwig Berger)

                                Finland capitulates to Russia (3/12)

                                Great Britain and France mutual agreement not to make treaties without the other's approval (3/28)

                                Allies announce they laid mine fields in Norwegian territorial waters (4/8)

                                Germany invades Denmark and Norway (4/8-9)

                                Japan joins Axis Powers (4/30)

                                Nazi attack on Rotterdam - 30,000 civilian deaths (5)

                                Germany invades Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxemburg (5/10) dawn

                                Prime Minister Chamberlain resigns (5/10)

                                Winston Churchill becomes Britain's Prime Minister (5/11)

                                Germans enter France through Sedan (5/15)

                                Germany invades France (5/17)

                                British army evacuated from Dunkirk, in France (5/27)

                                King Leopold of Belgium unconditionally surrenders his army to the Germans (5/28)

                                Russia annexes Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia (6)

                                Organized Norwegian resistance against Germany ceases (6/9)

                                Italy declares war on Great Britain and France (6/10)

                                General Wyegand - "This is the last quarter hour. Hold fast! (6/10)

                                French government leaves Paris and designates it an "open city" to avoid air devastation  (6/10)

                                French army leaders advise civil government for immediate armistice (6/12)

                                Reynaud and Churchill meet for conference at Tours (6/13)

                                Germany occupies Paris - France surrenders (6/14)

                                Reynaud resigns and is succeeded by Petain (6/16)

                                France formally asks for an armistice (6/17)

                                French delegates under Petain accept German armistice terms - Vichy State forms (6/22)

                                French delegates accept Italian armistice terms (6/24)

                                Russia demands Bessarabia and the northern portion of Bukovina from Romania (6/26)

                                Romania surrenders Bessarabia and part of Bukovina to USSR - 20,000 sqare mile (6/27)

                                Italy begins bombing raids on British bases at Alexandria, Malta, and Gibraltar (7)

                                British squadron appears at Oran Harbor in Algeria and destroys large French fleet (7/3)

                                Battle of Britain begins - British R.A.F. air victory prevents German invasion (7/10)               -(10/31)

                                French National Assembly authorizes Petain to draft a new constitution for plebiscite approval (7/10)

                                De Gaulle tried in absentia for treason and desertion and sentenced to death (8)

                                Italy attacks British forces in Somaliland (8)

                                German air invasion of England begins in full force (8/8)

                                Winston Churchill - "This war is, in fact, only a continuation of the last." (8/21)

                                Romania is forced to cede northern part of Transylvania to Hungary and southern Dobruka to Bulgaria (8)

                                Italy attacks British forces in Egypt (9)

                                Free French cooperate with British in unsuccessful attempt to seize Dakar, Vichy stronghold in West Africa (9)

                                Italy declares war on Greece (10/28)

                                FDR: "You boys are not going to be sent in any foreign wars" (10/30)

                                R.A.F. successfully attacks some of the chief units of the Italian fleet at Tarento (11)

                                German nighttime air raids pound Coventry (11/15)

                                Romania, Hungary, and Slovakia formally join Axis (11/20-24)

                                British forces in Egypt under Archibald Wavell route the Fascist armies - drive them west (12/9)

                                --------------------------------------------------------------

                                Vichy Regime in France

                                Charles de Gaulle launches Free French movement

                                Destroyer-bases deal between US and Great Britain

                                FDR reelected for a third term

                                Battle of the Atlantic

                                Neville Chamberlain -        (Great Britain)                                     Prime Minister

                                Winston Churchill +          (Great Britain)                                     Prime Minister

                                Albert Lebrun -                    (France)

                                Henri Philippe Petain +     (France)                                                 (1940-1944)    Head of French State

                                Carol II -                                (Romania)                                             King

                                Michael +                              (Romania)                                             King  (rethroned)

                                Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV - (Mysore)                                                Nalvadi

                                Jayachamaraja Wodeyar +                (Mysore)

                                First commercial electron microscope

                                Microwave radar developed

                                Stravinsky leaves for California, as German invasion of France becomes imminent

                                First broadcast of the Metropolitan Opera

                                Symphony in C Major                                         Stravinsky

                                Pal Joey                                                                Rogers & Hart

                                Piano Quintet in G Minor, Op. 57                   Shostakovich

                                Brodsky, Joseph                                                                  1940-1996

                                Cale, John                                                                              1940-                       Musician

                                Coetzee, John Maxwell                                                        1940-

                                Gilberto, Astrud                                                                   1940-                       Singer

                                Josephson, Brian D.                                                            1940-

                                Kiarostami, Abbas                                                               1940-

                                Murray, Elizabeth                                                 1940-

                                Sanders, Pharoah                                                                 1940-                       Musician

                                Sheridan, Tony                                                                     1940-                       Musician

                                Xingjian, Gao                                                                        1940-

                                Zappa, Frank                                                                         1940-1993               Musician

                                Alain, Jehan                                                                          1911-1940               Musician

                                Bohlau, Helene                                                                     1859-1940

                                Bulgakov, Mikhail                                                                1891-1940

                                Dodds, Johnny                                                                     1892-1940               Musician

                                Driesch, Hans Adolf Eduard                                              1867-1940

                                Dusen Jr., Frankie                                                                1880-1940

                                Fitzgerald, F. Scott                                                               1896-1940               Novelist

                                Frederic, Leon                                                                       1856-1940

                                Heidenstam, Carl Gustaf Verner von                 1859-1940

                                Kenp, James Hal                                                                   1904-1940               Musician

                                Klee, Paul                                                                              1879-1940               Painter

                                Lagerlof, Selma Ottiliana Lovisa                                        1858-1940

                                Lindsay, Vachel                                                                    1879-1940

                                Lodge, Oliver Joseph                                                          1851-1940

                                Peixotto, Ernest Clifford                                                      1869-1940

                                Prall, David Wright                                                              1886-1940

                                Revueltas, Silvestre                                                             1899-1940               Composer

                                Thompson, Joseph John                                                    1856-1940

                                Trotsky, Leon                                                                       1879-1940

                                West, Nathanael                                                                  1903-1940               Writer

                                Woodbridge, Frederick James Eugene                             1867-1940

                                Zinsser, Hans                                                                       1878-1940

1941                        Listen to Living (Roberto Matta)

                                Spiral Theme (Naum Gabo)

                                Citizen Kane (Orson Welles)

                                The Devil and Daniel Webster (William Dieterle)

                                Dumbo (Ben Sharpsteen)

                                Here Comes Mr. Jordan (Alexander Hall)

                                How Green Was My Valley (John Ford)

                                Major Barbara (Gabriel Pascal)

                                The Maltese Falcon (John Huston)

                                Sergeant York (Howard Hawks)

                                Sullivan's Travels (Preston Sturges)

                                FDR's message to Congress - calls for establishment of Four Freedoms (1/6)

                                FDR's 3rd inauguration (1/20)

                                Bulgaria formally joins the Axis (3/1)               

                                Lend Lease Act (US) (3/11)               

                                SS Robin Moor, US merchantman is sunk by Germans off the west coast of Africa - first of World War II (5/21)

                                Clothes rationing in Great Britain introduced  (6)

                                Operation Barbarossa begins - Germany invades Russia with 3 million troops (6/22)

                                Japan forces Vichy France to give it bases in Southern Indochina (Vietnam and Cambodia) (7)

                                US freezes Japanese and Chinese assets (7/25)

                                Atlantic Charter signed (Roosevelt - Churchill)  - 8 points of fundamentals of peace (8/14)

                                Italy and Germany invade Egypt (9/1)

                                USS Greer Incident - first boat to fire on German ship in the North Atlantic (9/4)

                                First Moscow Conference begins (9/29)

                                First MOscow Conference ends (10/1)

                                USS Kearny torpedoed off Iceland - 17 crew members killed (10/17)

                                Hideki Tojo becomes Japan's 40th Prime Minister (10/18)

                                USS Reuben James is sunk by German U-boat 552 - first US warship sunk in WWII (10/31)

                                Russia receives $1 billion in lend lease (11)

                                Japanese fleet leaves Kuril islands bound for US Pacific Fleet in Hawaii (11/25)

                                Last Italian stronghold in East Africa, Gondar surrenders (11/29)

                                Russian counter-offensive in Ukraine (12)

                                Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 7:55 AM - 2400 killed (68 civilians) (12/7)

                                United States declares war on Japan (12/8)

                                Churchill arrives in Washington D.C. for the Arcadia Conference - Europe first strategy (12/22)         -(1/14/1942)

                                Churchill addresses a joint session of the American Congress (12/27)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Leningrad besieged by German forces - relieved January 1944

                                Central and eastern European rearrangements

                                Croatia gains independence from Yugoslavia

                                Lend-Lease legislation

                                Yugoslavia and Greece overrun

                                Germany occupies Greece (-1944)

                                Germany and Italy declare war on US

                                Germans reach Caucasus (-1942)

                                Anglo-Soviet troops occupy Iran

                                Riza Shah deposed and replaced by his son

                                Japanese spread over Southeast Asia, Indochina, and the Pacific (-1942)

                                Japan at war with Western Allies

                                Henri Philippe Petain ...     (France)                                                 (1940-1944)    Head of French State

                                Paul -                                     (Yugoslavia)                                          Regent

                                Aimone of Spoleto +            (Croatia)                                                King

                                George II -                             (Greece)                                                                rethroned

                                Riza Shah -                           (Iran)

                                ASCAP/BMI War

                                Piano Sonata                                                       Copland

                                A Child of Our Time                                            Tippett

                                Argerich, Martha                                                                 1941-                       Musician

                                Baez, Joan                                                                             1941-                       Musician

                                Bloomfield, Mike                                                                  1941-1981               Musician

                                Chihuly, Dale                                                                        1941-                       Sculptor/Painter

                                Dylan, Bob                                                                            1941-                       Musician

                                Jaglom, Henry                                                                       1941-

                                Lupertz, Markus                                                                   1941-

                                Polke, Sigmar                                                                        1941-

                                Redding, Otis                                                                        1941-1967               Musician

                                Taylor, Joseph Hooten                                                       1941-

                                Vliet, Don van                                                                       1941-                       Musician

                                Anderson, Sherwood                                                          1876-1941

                                Babel, Isaac                                                                           1894-1941

                                Bergson, Henri                                                                     1859-1941

                                Bridge, Frank                                                                        1879-1941               Composer

                                Delaunay, Robert                                                                 1885-1941

                                Frazer, James George                                                           1854-1941               Classicist/Anthropologist (Glasgow)

                                Gaubert, Philippe                                                                  1879-1941               Composer

                                Harty, Herbert Hamilton                                                      1879-1941               Composer

                                Husserl, Edmund                                                                  1859-1941

                                Joyce, James                                                                         1882-1941               Novelist

                                Lewis, Steve                                                                          1896-1941               Musician

                                Lissitzky, El                                                                           1890-1941

                                Morton, Ferdinand (Jelly Roll)                                           1885-1941               Composer              (1890)

                                Mosca, Gaetano                                                                   1858-1941

                                Nernst, Walther Hermann                                                   1864-1941

                                Paderewski, Ignace Jan                                                       1860-1941               Composer

                                Pryde, James                                                                         1866-1941

                                Sabatier, Paul                                                                        1854-1941               Chemist (France)

                                Sinding, Johann Christian                                                  1856-1941               Composer

                                Tagore, Rabindranath                                                         1861-1941

                                Underhill, Evelyn                                                                 1875-1941

                                Woolf, Virginia                                                                     1882-1941

1942                        Constructive City with Universal Man (Joaquin Torres Garcia)

                                Nighthawks (Edward Hopper)

                                Stars over Bay Street (David Brown Milne)

                                Indefinite Visibility (Yves Tanguy)

                                L’Etranger (Camus)

                                Bambi (David Hand)

                                Casablanca (Michael Curtiz)

                                Going My Way (Leo McCarey)

                                In Which We Serve (Noel Coward)

                                The Magnificent Ambersons (Orson Welles)

                                The Pride of the Yankees (Sam Wood)

                                Talk of the Town (George Stevens)

                                Yankee Doodle Dandee (Michael Curtiz)

                                Japan captures Manila, Singapore, Rangoon, Mandalay, and the Philippines (1)

                                Twenty-six United Nations reaffirm the Atlantic Charter in Washington -  agree to form the UN (1/2)

                                Arcadia Conference in DC ends (1/14)

                                Combined Chiefs of Staff forms - joint command of US and British - Marshall and Hooke (2)

                                Japanese forces reach Guadalcanal (5)

                                Battle of the Coral Sea begins (5/4)

                                Battle of the Coral Sea ends (5/8)

                                USS Yorktown (CV-5), damaged US aircraft carrier makes it back to Pearl Harbor for repair (5/27)

                                Battle of Midway - US Navy defeats the Japanese Navy - a decisive battle in Pacific War (6/4)

                                Operation Rutter cancelled - initial raid on Dieppe(7/7)

                                Battle of Guadalcanal begins - Allied landing meets little resistance at first (8/7)     (-1943)

                                Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo begins (8/7)

                                Battle of Tulagi and Gavutu-Tanambogo ends (8/9)

                                Second Moscow Conference begins - planning of the African Campaign (8/12)

                                Second Moscow Conference ends (8/17)

                                Dieppe Raid (Operation Jubilee) - Axis victory against Anglo-Canadian forces - "unmitigated disaster"  (8/19)

                                Battle of Stalingrad ends - Germans defeated (9/6)

                                Battle of Cape Esperance (Second Battle of Savo) - US defeats Japanese fleet off of Guadalcanal(10/11)

                                Battle of El Alamain - Germans under General Rommel defeated by Allies in Egypt (10/23)

                                Operation TORCH begins - British American North landings in North African (11/8)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Germans retreat from North Africa

                                Anglo-American forces take Tripoli and Tunis

                                All France occupied

                                United Nations Alliance

                                Last civil disobedience movement in India - August uprisings

                                Henri Philippe Petain ...     (France)                                                 (1940-1944)    Head of French State

                                Karol Rathaus' 3rd Symphony (-1943)

                                Recording Strike(-1942)

                                Billboard creates first national black music chart - Harlem Hit Parade

                                Piano Concerto, Op. 42                                     Schoenberg

                                By Jupiter                                                             Rogers & Hart

                                Choros No. 11                                                      Villa-Lobos

                                A Lincoln Portrait                                               Copland

                                Rodeo                                                                    Copland

                                Seventh Symphony                                              Shostakovich

                                Barenboim, Daniel                                                                1942-                       Pianist/Conductor (Buenos Aires, Arg.)

                                Franklin, Aretha                                                                   1942-                       Singer

                                Garcia, Jerry                                                                          1942-1995               Musician

                                Hawking, Stephen                                                                1942-                       Astrophysicist

                                Hendrix, Jimmy                                                                     1942-1970               Musician

                                Herzog, Werner                                                                    1942-                       Director

                                Jintao, Hu                                                                              1942                        President (Jixi, Anhui Province, China)

                                Reed, Lou                                                                              1942-   )-(                Musician

                                Rees, Martin                                                                         1942-

                                Scorcese, Martin                                                                  1942-                       Director

                                Boaz, Franz                                                                            1858-1942

                                Bragg, William Henry                                                          1862-1942

                                Christian, Charlie                                                                  1916-1942               Musician

                                Cohan, George M.                                                                1878-1942               Composer

                                Elling, Catharinus                                                 1858-1942               Composer

                                Gilson, Paul                                                                           1865-1942               Composer

                                Hettner, Alfred                                                                     1859-1942

                                Musil, Robert                                                                        1880-1942

                                Perrin, Jean Baptiste                                                            1870-1942

                                Petrie, William Matthew Flinders                                      1853-1942

                                Schulhoff, Ervin                                                                   1894-1942               Composer

                                Tufts, James Hayden                                                           1862-1942

                                Weingartner, Felix                                                                1863-1942

                                Wood, Grant                                                                         1892-1942               Painter

                                Zemlinsky, Alexander von                                                  1871-1942               Composer

1943                        The Black Room (Karl Hofer)

                                Cruxifixion (Marc Chagall)

                                Self-Portrait (David Alfaro Siqueiros)

                                The Jungle (Wilfredo Lam)

                                Pancho Villa, Dead and Alive (Robert Motherwell)

                                Thomas Jefferson Memorial is dedicated

                                Four Quartets (Eliot)

                                Ivan the Terrible, Pt. 1 (Sergei Eisenstein)

                                The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (Michael Powell)

                                The Ox-Bow Incident (William A. Wellman)

                                The Song of Bernadette (Henry King)

                                Stormy Weather (Andrew L. Stone)

                                Casablanca Conference - FDR meeting Giraud (1/19)

                                Tripoli falls to the Allies (1/23)

                                German forces at Stalingrad surrender (1/31)

                                Guadalcanal is secure according to US authorities (2/9)

                                Albert Hoffman ingests "threshold level of LSD" - first trip (4/19)

                                End of Axis resistance in North Africa (5)                      

                                ENIAC construction contract signed between US Army and Upenn’s Moore School (6/5)

                                United States begins recapture of Japanese Islands in the Pacific (7/1)

                                Operation HUSKY - Allied Invasion of Sicily - Italian Campaign begins (7/9)

                                Operation HUSKY - Allied Invasion of Sicily ends (8/17)

                                Italian government surrenders (9/3-8)

                                Third Moscow Conference begins - Moscow Declaration and the European Advisory Commission (10/18)

                                Third Moscow Conference ends (11/11)

                                -----------------------------------------------------------

                                AVNOJ Conference - Democratic Federative Yugoslavia constituted (11/29)    -(12/4)

                                Germans control Croatia (-1945)

                                USSR withdraws recognition from Polish government in exile

                                French Committee of National Liberation in Algiers

                                Allied invasion of Sicily

                                Collapse of the Fascist regime in Italy

                                Meeting of Allied foreign ministers in Moscow

                                Discovery of Katyn massacre

                                Teheran Conference of the Big Three

                                Cairo Declaration -  on China

                                Revolution in Argentina led by Juan Peron

                                Juan Peron dominates Argentina (-1955)

                                Henri Philippe Petain ...     (France)                                                 (1940-1944)    Head of French State

                                Boris III -                              (Bulgaria)                                             King

                                Cyril +                                   (Bulgaria)                                             Regent

                                Simeon II +                           (Bulgaria)                                             King

                                Aimone of Spoleto -             (Croatia)                                                King

                                Symphony No. 5 in D Major                              Vaughan Williams

                                Concerto for Orchestra                                     Bartok

                                Oklahoma                                                             Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Carmen Jones                                                      Hammerstein        

                                Connecticut Yankee  (revised)                         Rodgers & Hart

                                What’s Up                                                             Lerner & Lowe

                                Amacher, Maryanne                                                            1943-                       Composer

                                Attlali, Jacques                                                                     1943-

                                Benson, George                                                                    1943-                       Musician

                                Bruzdowicz, Joanna                                                             1943-                       Musician

                                Bryars, Gavin                                                                        1943-                       Composer

                                Davies, Hugh                                                                        1943-2005

                                Kitzing, Klaus von                                                               1943-

                                Lauridsen, Morten                                                               1943-                       Composer

                                Morrison, Jim                                                                        1943-1971               Musician

                                Benet, Stephen Vincent                                                      1898-1943               Poet/Novelist (U.S)

                                Collingwood, R. G.                                                               1889-1943

                                Cornford, Francis M.                                                           1874-1943

                                Dachenko, Vladimir Ivanovich                                           1859-1943

                                Feure, Georges de                                                                1868-1943

                                Hart, Lorenz                                                                          1895-1943               Composer

                                Hartley, Marsden                                                                 1877-1943

                                Hilbert, David                                                                       1862-1943

                                Parham, Hartzell “Tiny”                                                      1900-1943               Musician

                                Pontoppidan, Henrik                                                           1857-1943

                                Rachmaninov, Sergei Vasilievitch                                     1873-1943               Composer

                                Soutine, Chaim                                                                     1894-1943               Painter

                                Tesla, Nikola                                                                         1856-1943               Physicist

                                Vigeland, Gustav                                                                  1869-1943

                                Waller, Fats                                                                           1904-1943               Musician

                                Zeeman, Pieter                                                                      1865-1943

1944                        Adoration of the Moon (Max Weber)

                                The Billiard Table No. 1 (Georges Braque)

                                Bowery and Pell Street - Looking North (Reginald Marsh)

                                The Liver is the cock’s comb (Arshile Gorky)

                                Arsenic and Old Lace (Frank Capra)

                                Double Indemnity (Billy Wilder)

                                Gaslight (George Cukor)

                                Hail the Conquering Hero (Preston Sturges)

                                Laura (Otto Preminger)

                                Meet Me in St. Louis (Vincente Minelli)

                                Miracle of Morgan's Creek (Preston Sturges)

                                National Velvet (Clarence Brown)

                                None But the Lonely Heart (Clifford Odets)

                                The Uninvited (Lewis Allen)

                                Pollock’s First drip paintings: Composition with Pouring

                                Battle of Kwajalein - US captures Marshall Islands from Japan (1/31) -(2)

                                Allies enter Rome (6/4)

                                Allies enter Normandy - German forces begin retreat    (D-Day)  (6/6)

                                Bretton Woods Conference - to regulate the international monetary & financial order after WWII (7/1-22)

                                Bomb plot to assassinate Hitler fails (7/20)

                                Allies liberate Paris and Brussels (9/2)

                                First V-2 missile lands on England (9/8)

                                Warsaw resistance crushed by Germans (10/3)

                                Battle of Leyte Gulf - Japanese navy defeated (10/25)

                                Aachen falls to Allies - first major German city to do so (10)

                                Civil war in Greece begins (12)           (-10/16/49)

                                -----------------------------------------------------------------

                                Allied armies invade Germany

                                Brazzaville Conference of French Union

                                FCNL becomes provisional French government

                                Battle of the Bulge

                                Kingdom created by Italians in Croatia

                                Pro-Soviet Polish National Committee created

                                Churchill-Stalin agreement in Moscow

                                Henri Philippe Petain -     (France)                                                 (1940-1944)    Head of French State

                                Charles de Gaulle +              (France)

                                Charles +                               (Belgium)                                               Regent (count of Flanders)

                                Cyril -                                     (Bulgaria)                                               Regent

                                Miklos Horthy -                    (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary) (from Nagybanya)

                                Ferenc Szalasi +                    (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary)

                                Bela Miklos +                        (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary)

                                Moscow Conservatoire Quartet formed (Borodin Quartet 1955)

                                Norman Granz’ JATP starts in LA (Philharmonic Hall) (7/2)

                                52nd Street center of Bop Revolution

                                Sonata for solo violin                                          Bartok

                                Concerto for Orchestra                                       Bartok

                                Ludus Tonalis                                                      Hindemith

                                Appalachian Spring                                             Copland

                                A Child of Our Time                                            Tippett

                                On The Town                                                       Leonard Bernstein

                                The Desert Song                                                  Romberg/Hammertein II/Harbach

                                "‘Round Midnight "                                                            Monk

                                Nyman, Michael                                                                   1944-                       Musician

                                Rice, Tim                                                                                1944-      

                                Shaw, Woody                                                                       1944-1989

                                Tavener, John                                                                       1944-                       Composer

                                Ade, George                                                                          1866-1944

                                Baekeland, Leo Hendrik                                                      1863-1944

                                Barkla, Charles Glover                                                         1877-1944

                                Beach, Amy Marcy Cheney                                               1867-1944               Composer

                                Brunschvicg, Leon                                                              1869-1944

                                Gentile, Giovanni                                                                  1875-1944

                                Giraudoux, Jean                                                                    1882-1944

                                Kandinsky, Wassily                                                            1866-1944              

                                Maillol, Aristide                                                                   1861-1944               Visual Artist (France)

                                Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso                                               1876-1944

                                Mondrian, Piet                                                                      1872-1944               Painter

                                Munch, Edvard                                                                    1863-1944               Painter

                                Noone, Jimmy                                                                       1895-1944               Musician

                                Rolland, Romain                                                                   1866-1944               Novelist (France)

                                Roussel, Ker Xavier                                                             1867-1944

                                Saint-Exupery, Antoine de                                                 1900-1944

                                Temple, William                                                                    1881-1944

1945                        Le Dieu Puissant (Hector Hyppolite) (-1948)

                                Floraison (Alfred Pellan)

                                Animal Farm (Orwell)

                                The Glass Menagerie (Williams)

                                Mind at the End of it's Tether (H. G. Wells)

                                Brief Encounter (David Lean)

                                Children of Paradise (Marcel Carne)

                                Dead of Night (Cavalcanti)

                                Henry V (Lawrence Olivier)

                                I Know Where I'm Going (Michael Powell)

                                Lost Weekend (Billy Wilder)

                                Open City (Roberto Rossellini)

                                The Southerner (Jean Renoir)

                                They Were Expendable (John Ford)

                                A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (Elia Kazan)

                                The Way to the Stars (Anthony Asquith)

                                INDONESIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE +   (1945-1949)

                                Warsaw captured by Russians (1/17)

                                Yalta Conference - meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin dicuss post-war (2/7)

                                Allies invade Germany - Dresded bombed (3/7)

                                FDR dies (4/12)

                                San Francisco Conference of four powers convenes (4/25)

                                Mussolini assassinated by Italian partisans (4/28)

                                Adolf Hitler commits suicide (4/30)

                                Germany surrenders (5/7)

                                VE Day (5/8)

                                San Francisco conference - United Nations charter signed (6/26)

                                Trinity Test - First nuclear test explosion in Almorgado, New Mexico (7/16)

                                Potsdam Conference begins (7/17)

                                Potsdam Conference ends (8/2)

                                First atomic bomb used by US against Japan at Hiroshima (8/6)

                                Second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan by US (8/9)

                                Japan surrenders  (VJ Day) (8/14)

                                United Nations begins operation - New York as seat (10/24)

                                Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers (12)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                Potsdam Conference - main Allied powers meet to discuss peace terms and post-war settlements

                                Yugoslavia becomes a communist republican regime

                                Pro-Soviet Groza government forms in Romania

                                Croatia merges with Yugoslavia once more    

                                Labour Party in office in Great Britain

                                Fifth Pan-African Congress held in Manchester

                                Arab League forms

                                Azerbaijan crisis (-1947)

                                Indian Reorganization Act

                                Ferenc Szalasi -                     (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary)

                                Bela Miklos -                         (Transylvania)                                      Regent (Hungary)

                                Peter II -                 (Yugoslavia)                                         King

                                Radio astronomy

                                Jet planes and rockets

                                Bartok dies in NYC

                                Borodin Quartet forms (Russia)

                                Harlem Hit Parade renamed "Race Records"

                                Metamorphosen                                                   R. Strauss

                                Third Piano Concerto                                          Bartok

                                Symphony in Three Movements                       Stravinsky

                                Carousel                                                                Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Peter Grimes                                                          Britten

                                1st Symphony                                                      Tippett

                                Town Hall Concert, NYC                                    Charlie Parker/Dizzy Gillespie (6/22)

                                Braxton, Anthony                                                                1945-                       Musician

                                Immendorff, Joerg                                                                1945-

                                Keifer, Anselm                                                                      1945-                       Painter

                                Marley, Bob                                                                          1945-1981               Musician

                                Osherhoff, Douglas Dean                                                   1945-

                                Perleman, Itzhak                                                                   1945-                       Violinist (Jaffa, Israel)

                                Waldman, Anne                                                                   1945-

                                Young, Neil                                                                           1945-                       Musician

                                Bartok, Bela                                                                           1881-1945               Composer

                                Benchley, Robert                                                                 1889-1945

                                Cayce, Edgar                                                                         1877-1945

                                Dreiser, Theodore                                                                1871-1945

                                Hitler Adolf                                                                           1889-1945

                                Huizinga, Johan                                                                    1872-1945               Historian (The Netherlands)

                                Kern, Jerome                                                                         1885-1945

                                Mascagni, Pietro                                                                  1863-1945               Composer

                                Nicholson, Reynold Alleyne                                              1868-1945

                                Reznicek, Emil Nikolaus von                                              1860-1945               Composer

                                Roosevelt, Franklin Delano                                                1882-1945               President

                                Rutter, John                                                                          1945-                       Musician

                                Taylor, Alfred Edward                                                         1869-1945

                                Valery, Ambroise Paul Touissaint Jules                           1871-1945

                                Webern, Anton Friedrich Wilhelm                                    1883-1945               Composer

1946                        Pelagos (Barbara Hepworth)

                                Deaths and Entrances (Dylan Thomas)

                                Réflexions sur la question juive (Anti-semite and Jew) (Jean-Paul Sartre)

                                Beauty and the Beast (Jean Cocteau)

                                The Best Years of Our Lives (William Wyler)

                                The Big Sleep (Howard Hawks)

                                Day in the Country (Jean Renoir)

                                Great Expectations (David Lean)

                                Green for Danger (Sidney Galliat)

                                It's a Wonderful Life (Frank Capra)

                                The Killers (Robert Siodmak)

                                My Darling Clementine (John Ford)

                                The Postman Always Rings Twice (Tay Garnett)

                                Shoeshine (Vittorio de Sica)

                                Stairway to Heaven (Michael Powell)

                                Le Corbusier's Unite d' Habitation, Marseilles

                                ENIAC unveiled (2/14)

                                Italy holds referendum: Republic or Monarchy? (6/2-3)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                League of Nations formally ended

                                First assembly of the United Nations

                                Norwegian statesman Trygve Lie, elected secretary-general of United Nations

                                Peace conference opens in Paris

                                Nuremberg Trials - Nazi leaders sentenced for war crimes by international court

                                Great Britain and United States agree on economic fusion of British and American zones in Germany

                                Fourth French Republic

                                Italy becomes a republic

                                Hungary becomes a republic

                                Bulgaria becomes a communist republic

                                French troops evacuate Lebanon and Syria

                                Transjordan (Jordan) gains independence from Great Britain

                                Negotiations for transfer of power in India

                                Unsuccessful US attempt to mediate Nationalist-Communist conflict in China

                                Renewal of Chinese civil war

                                First Indochina War -  between Vietnamese nationalists led by Ho Chi Minh and France (-1954)

                                Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech in Fulton, Missouri

                                De Gaulle "withdraws"

                                US Employment Act - creates Council of Economic Advisers

                                US ends Phillipine occupation

                                Philippines gain independence

                                Trygve Lie +                         (United Nations)                                  Secretary-General (Norway)                              

                                Charles de Gaulle -               (France)

                                Vittorio Emanuele III -

                                Simeon II -                             (Bulgaria)                                               King

                                George II +                            (Greece)                                                 again rethroned

                                Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra          Roy Harris            

                                Third Symphony                                                  Copland

                                Ninth Symphony                                                  Shostakovich

                                Rape of Lucretia                                                   Britten

                                No Leave, No Love                                              Martin & Kardos

                                Barret, Syd                                                                            1946-                       Musician

                                Hooft, Gerardus T.                                                               1946-

                                Lynch, David                                                                        1946-                       Director

                                Maplethorpe, Robert                                                           1946-1989               Painter

                                Speilberg, Stephen                                                               1946-                       Director

                                Trevino, Jesse                                                                      1946-

                                Vasks, Peteris                                                                       1946-                       Composer

                                Bachelier, Louis                                                                    1870-1946

                                Bagley, Enid                                                                          1889-1946

                                Bagley, William Chandler                                                   1874-1946

                                Bantock, Granville Ransome                                              1868-1946               Composer

                                Curry, John Steuart                                                              1897-1946

                                De Falla, Manuel                                                                  1876-1946               Composer

                                Dove, Arthur                                                                        1880-1946

                                Dunhill, Thomas Frederick                                 1877-1946               Composer

                                Hauptmann, Gerhart Johann Robert                                 1862-1946

                                Keynes, John Maynard                                                      1883-1946

                                Perry, Antoinette                                                                 1888-1946

                                Mouquet, Jules                                                                    1867-1946               Composer

                                Rosenberg, Alfred                                                               1893-1946               German Nazi Leader (Reval, Estonia)

                                Smith, Mamie                                                                        1883-1946               Singer

                                Spilliaert, Leon                                                                      1881-1946

                                Stieglitz, Alfred                                                                     1864-1946

                                Stein, Gertrude                                                                      1874-1946               Writer                    

                                Stojowski, Sigismond                                                          1869-1946               Composer

                                Wells, Herbert George                                                         1866-1946

1947                        Plumage Landscape (Arshile Gorky)

                                Still Life (William Goodridge Roberts)

                                The Enchanted Forest (Jackson Pollock)

                                Man Pointing (Alberto Giacometti)

                                Cardinal (Giacomo Manzu)

                                La Peste (Camus)

                                Streetcar Named Desire (Williams)

                                The Bicycle Thief (Vittoria de Sica)

                                Black Narcissus (Michael Powell)

                                Body and Soul (Robert Rossen)

                                Green Dolphin Street (Victor Saville)

                                La Terra Trema (Luchino Visconti)

                                Letter to Three Wives (Joseph L Mankiewicz)

                                Life with Father (Michael Curtiz)

                                The Long Night (Anatole Litvak)

                                Odd Man Out (Carol Reed)

                                The Pearl (Fernandez)

                                India gains Independence - becomes a republic - two dominions created - India and Pakistan (8/14-15)

                                CIA forms (9/18)

                                Allied peace treaties signed in Paris with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland

                                Four-power conference of foreign ministers on Germany fails to reach agreement

                                Marshall Plan - aid for Europe introduced by US Secretary of State George Marshall

                                Communists out of government in France and Italy

                                Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) set up with headquarters at Belgrade, Yugoslavia

                                Romania becomes Romanian People's Republic

                                Partition of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states agreed to by United Nations - Arabs reject proposals

                                UN establishes state of Israel

                                Evacuation of British troops from Palestine

                               

                                Dispute between  India and Pakistan over Kashmir - state ceded to India

                                Burma gains independence

                                Cheribon Agreement - between Dutch and Indonesians - United States of Indonesia established

                                Truman Doctrine - aid to Greece and Turkey

                                Beginning of Cold War

                                Bretton Woods Treaty - allies construct postwar economic world order (World Bank & IMF)

                                Perutz conducts x-ray studies on crystalline proteins

                                Radiocarbon dating technique first used by Walter Libby et al - C14 has a half life of 5730 years

                                Christian X -                          (Denmark)

                                Frederik IX +                         (Denmark)

                                Michael -                               (Romania)                                              King  (rethroned)

                                George II -                             (Greece)                                                 again rethroned

                                Paul I +                                   (Greece)                                                 Son of Constantine I

                                Lord Mountbatten +-          (India)                                                    Governor General

                                RCA Victor now official

                                Atlanta Symphony Orchestra forms

                                A Survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46                      Arnold Schoenberg

                                War and Peace                                                     Sergei Prokofiev

                                Kiss Me Kate                                                        Cole Porter

                                Third String Quartet                                            Walter Piston

                                Allegro                                                                   Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Brigadoon                                                             Lerner & Lowe

                                Three Compositions for Piano                           Milton Babbitt     

                                Adams, John                                                                         1947-                       Composer

                                Binnig, Gerd                                                                          1947-

                                Domeniconi, Carlo                                                               1947-                       Musician

                                Guth, Alan                                                                             1947-

                                Higgins, Billy                                                                        1947-                       Musician

                                Rushdie, Salman                                                                   1947-                       Writer

                                Tabakov, Emil                                                                       1947-                       Musician

                                Baird, John Logle                                                                 1888-1947

                                Bonnard, Pierre                                                                     1867-1947

                                Casella, Alfredo                                                                    1883-1947

                                Cather, Willa                                                                         1876-1947

                                Cohen, Morris R.                                                                  1880-1947

                                Ford, Henry                                                                           1863-1947

                                Hahn, Reynaldo                                                                   1874-1947               Composer

                                Jennings, Herbert Spencer                                                 1868-1947

                                Johnson, Blind Willie                                                          1902-1947               Musician

                                Lenard, Phillip                                                                       1862-1947

                                Marable, Fate                                                                        1890-1947               Musician

                                Ouspensky, Petyr Demianovich                                        1878-1947

                                Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig                                          1858-1947

                                Russolo, Luigi                                                                      1885-1947

                                Whitehead, Alfred North                                                    1861-1947

1948                        Summer and Smoke (Tenessee Williams)

                                Hamlet (Lawrence Olivier)

                                Key Largo (John Huston)

                                Louisiana Story (Robert Flaherty)

                                Oliver Twist (David Lean)

                                Quartet (Ken Annakin)

                                Red River (Howard Hawks)

                                The Red Shoes (Michael Powell)

                                The Search (Fred Zinnemann)

                                The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (John Huston)

                                Unfaithfully Yours (Preston Sturges)

                                Syrian army of 10,000 enters Palestine (5/15)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Marshall Plan and the OEEC

                                Berlin Blockade - Soviet Union blockades West Berlin - zone supplied by airlift (-1949)

                                Communist coup in Prague, Czechoslovakia - People's Republic formed

                                Yugoslav-Soviet break - Tito's Yugoslavia expelled from Cominform

                                Nationalist Party comes to power in Union of South Africa

                                State of Israel declared (Proclamation)

                                War between Israel and Arab League (Arab-Israeli War) (-1949)

                                Indian statesman Mahatma Gandhi assassinated by Hindu extremist

                                Ceylon becomes a self-governing dominion

                                Burma gains independence

                                Outbreak of Communist-led rebellions in Burma and several other Southeast Asian areas

                                China split by conflicts between Communists and Nationalists

                                Division of Korea into Republic of Korea (South Korea) and People's Republic (North Korea)

                                Wilhelmina -                        (Netherlands)

                                Juliana +                               (Netherlands)

                                Usman Ali Khan (Hyderabad)                                          Nizam

                                1st international jazz festival held in Nice, France

                                Columbia develops 33 1/3 LP

                                Sixth Symphony                                                   Vaughan Willams

                                Mass                                                                       Stravinsky

                                Third Symphony                                                  Piston

                                Sonatas and Interludes for prepared piano   Cage

                                Composition for Four Instruments                   Babbitt

                                Composition for Twelve Instruments               Babbitt

                                Berkeley, Michael                                                                1948-                       Composer

                                Chu, Steven                                                                          1948-

                                Fischl, Eric                                                                             1948-

                                Lloyd Webber, Andrew                                                      1948-                       Composer

                                Phillips, William P.                                                               1948-

                                Artaud, Antonin Marie Joseph                                         1896-1948

                                Berdyaev, Nicholas                                                             1874-1948

                                Eisenstein, Sergei                                                                 1898-1948               Director (Russia)

                                Friedman, Ignaz                                                                    1882-1948               Composer

                                Gandhi, Mohandas K.                                                         1869-1948

                                Gorky, Arshile (Adoian Vosdnik)                                      1900-1948               Painter

                                Griffith, D. W.                                                                       1880-1948

                                Hue, Georges Adolphe                                                       1858-1948               Composer

                                Huidobro, Vicente                                                                1893-1948

                                Jinnah, Mahomed Ali                                                          1876-1948

                                Lehar, Franz                                                                          1870-1948               Composer

                                Livingston, Burton Edward                                                1875-1948

                                Ponce, Manuel Maria                                                          1882-1948               Composer

                                Schwitters, Kurt                                                                   1887-1948               Composer

                                Wihtol, Joseph                                                                     1863-1948               Composer

                                Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno                                                         1876-1948               Composer

1949                        Universal Field (Mark Tobey)

                                The War Memorial (Sir George Russell Drysdale)

                                Standing Figure (Fritz Wotruba)

                                1984 (Orwell)

                                Death of a Salesman (Miller)

                                Adam's Rib (George Cukor)

                                All the King's Men (Robert Rossen)

                                The Heiress (William Wyler)

                                I Was a Male War Bride (Howard Hawks)

                                On the Town (Gene Kelly / Stanley Donen)

                                Stray Dog (Akira Kurosawa)

                                The Third Man (Carol Reed)

                                Tight Little Island (Alexander MacKendrick)

                                Twelve O'Clock High (Henry King)

                                PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA +

                                Mysore merges with Republic of India - end of Wodeyar reign                                                  (1/26)

                                Civil War in Greece ends - Communists concede defeat                                                               (10/16)

                                South African government adopts apartheid as official policy

                                North Atlantic Pact

                                North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed as defensive alliance by Western nations (1948)

                                Germany is divided into Federal Republic (West) and German Democratic Republic (East)

                                Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) founded by USSR and Communist states

                                Russian blockade of Berlin ends

                                Apartheid policy in South Africa

                                USSR recognizes newly established People's Republic of China

                                Arab-Israeli armistice - Jerusalem partitioned

                                First series of military revolts in Syria

                                Communist victory over Chiang Kai-shek's regime in China

                                Mao Tse-tung establishes Communist regime in China - Nationalist government escapes to Formosa (Taiwan)

                                Chinese forces invade Tibet

                                France recognizes independent Vietnam and Cambodia

                                Indonesia gains independence under Sukarno

                                An Outline of Psychoanalysis (Freud) (posthumous)

                                Harlem Hit Parade---> "Race Records" -------> Rhythm & Blues Chart

                                Albert Ammons final recording session with Lionel Hampton Orchestra

                                RCA markets 45 rpm record

                                South Pacific                                                        Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Antigonae                                                             Orff

                                Turangalila Symphony                                      Messaien

                                Knoxville: Summer of 1914                               Barber

                                Godfrey, Daniel S.                                                                1949-                       Musician

                                Knopfler, Mark                                                                     1949-                       Musician

                                Prince, Richard                                                                     1949-

                                Rouse, Christopher                                                              1949-                       Musician

                                Stormer, Horst L.                                                                  1949-

                                Tansey, Mark                                                                       1949-

                                Ware, David S.                                                                     1949-                       Musician

                                Adams, James Truslow                                                       1878-1949

                                Ammons, Albert                                                                   1907-1949               Pianist

                                Dinicu, Grigoras                                                                   1889-1949               Composer

                                Ensor, James                                                                         1860-1949               Painter

                                Fleming, Victor                                                                     1883-1949

                                Grabmann, Martin                                                                1875-1949

                                Gurdjieff, George Ivanovitch                                              1866-1949

                                Johnson, Bunk                                                                     1889-1949

                                Keynes, John Neville                                                          1852-1949

                                Ledbetter, Huddie                                                                1888-1949               Singer

                                Maeterlinck, Maurice Polidore Marie B.                           1862-1949               Writer (Belgium)  

                                Nicholson, William                                                              1872-1949               Visual Artist (England)

                                Novak, Vitezslav                                                                  1870-1949               Composer

                                Orozco, Jose Clemente                                                        1883-1949

                                Pfitzner, Hans Erich                                                             1869-1949               Composer

                                Rabaud, Henri                                                                       1873-1949               Composer

                                Strauss, Richard                                                                   1864-1949               Composer

                                Toscano, Salvador                                                               1912-1949

                                Turina, Joaquin                                                                    1882-1949               Composer

                                Undset, Sigrid                                                                       1882-1949

1950                        The Crucifixion (Rico Lebrun)

                                Woman I (Willem De Kooning) (-1952)

                                Girl with White Dog (Lucien Freud) (-1951)

                                Dog (Toni Stadler) (-1951)

                                The Cocktail Party (T. S. Eliot)

                                The Rose Tatoo (Williams)

                                All About Eve (Joseph L. Mankiewicz)

                                Born Yesterday (George Cukor)

                                Father of the Bride (Vincente Minelli)

                                The Flowers of St. Francis (Roberto Rossellini)

                                Rashomon (Akira Kurosawa)

                                Seven Days to Noon (John Boulting)

                                Sunset Boulevard (Billy Wilder)

                                India promulgates its constitution and becomes an republic (1/26)

                                Korean War begins (6/25)

                                Atlantic Council agrees on measures of West German rearmament

                                Agreement between East Germany and Poland fixes Oder and Neisse Rivers as fronteir

                                Anglo-Egyptian dispute over the Sudan and Suez Canal

                                Sino-Soviet alliance

                                North Korea invades South Korea

                                Korean War - between North Korea, supported by China, and South Korea, supported by UN forces (-1953)

                                Indonesia gains independence

                                American senator Joseph McCarthy heads inquiry into "un-American" (Communist) activities

                                Hydrogen bomb developed

                                Jayachamaraja Wodeyar - (Mysore)

                                Prague Chamber Orchestra forms

                                North American Square Dance Suite              Arthur Benjamin

                                Fifth Symphony                                                    Honegger

                                Il Prigioniero                                                       Dallapiccola

                                The Consul                                                           Menotti

                                Call Me Madam                                                   Irving Berlin

                                Guys & Dolls                                                        Frank Loesser

                                Ackerman, Chantal                                                              1950-

                                Bednorz, J. Georg                                                                 1950-

                                Bozzio, Terry                                                                         1950-                       Composer

                                Chang-Diaz, Franklin                                                           1950-                        Astronaut/Physicist    4/5    

                                Hulse, Russell Alan                                                             1950-

                                Kapor, Mitch                                                                        1950-

                                Landis, John                                                                         1950-

                                Laswell, Bill                                                                           1950-                       Musician

                                Laughlin, Robert B.                                                              1950-

                                Megson, Neil (Genesis p-Orridge)                                    1950-                       Musician

                                Aurobindo, Ghose                                                               1872-1950

                                Beckman, Max                                                                      1884-1950

                                Blum, Leon                                                                            1872-1950               Statesman (France)

                                Boodin, John Elof                                                                1869-1950

                                Burroughs, Edgar Rice                                                        1875-1950

                                Celea, Francesco                                                                  1866-1950               Composer

                                Dalcroze, Emile                                                                     1865-1950

                                Gardiner, Henry Balfour                                                      1877-1950               Composer

                                Gold, Lou                                                                               1894-1950               Musician

                                Hartmann, Nicolai                                                                1882-1950

                                Jensen, Johannes Vilhelm                                                   1873-1950

                                Jolson, Al                                                                              1885-1950               Singer

                                Miaskovsky, Nicolai Yakovlevich                                     1881-1950               Composer

                                Millay, Edna St. Vincent                                                     1892-1950

                                Moeran, Ernest John                                                           1894-1950               Musician

                                Navarro, Fats                                                                        1923-1950               Musician

                                Orwell, George                                                                      1903-1950               Writer

                                Sabatini, Rafael                                                                     1875-1950

                                Shaw, George Bernard                                                         1856-1950

                                Weill, Kurt                                                                             1900-1950               Composer

1951                        Owh! in San Pao (Stuart Davis)

                                The Iron Age (Paul Delvaux)

                                The Fountain (Rufino Tamayo)

                                Tableau (Hans Hartung)

                                Adam (Barnett Newman) (-1952)

                                Table Still-Life (William Scott)

                                The Cry (Oswaldo Guayasamin Calero)

                                Birth of Venus (Lipchitz)

                                Man with a Dead Bird (Baskin)

                                L'Homme Revolte (Albert Camus)

                                The African Queen (John Huston)

                                A Christmas Carol (Brian Desmond-Hurst)

                                The Day the Earth Stood Still (Robert Wise)

                                Magic Box (John Boulting)

                                The River (Jean Renoir)

                                Streetcar Named Desire (Zimmerman)

                                ANZUS mutual defense treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and US signed (9/1)

                                -------------------------------------------------------------

                                NATO forms from North atlantic Pact - Greece/...

                                UN Genocide Treaty signed

                                West Germany admitted to the Council of Europe

                                Schuman Plan - West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg set up coal and steel market

                                Marshall Plan ends

                                Egypt withdraws from Anglo-Egyptian agreement on Suez Canal - British occupies Canal Zone

                                Nationalizaton of oil industry in Iran

                                India's first Five Year Plan

                                Peace treaty signed at San Francisco by Japan and most of Japan's opponents during WWII

                                Pacific Security Treaty signed between Japan and US

                                Chinese Communist forces occupy Tibet

                                Colombo Plan - for economic development of south and south-east Asia comes into effect

                                Start of Korean peace negotiations at Panmunjom

                                Leopold III -                          (Belgium)                                              House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Charles -                               (Belgium)                                             Regent (count of Flanders)

                                Baudouin I +                         (Belgium)                                             House of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield (Duke)

                                Gustavus V -                         (Sweden)                                               House of Bernadotte          

                                Gustavus VI Adolf +            (Sweden)                                               House of Bernadotte

                                Dave Brubeck quartet formed

                                The Rakes Progress                                             Stravinsky

                                The King and I                                                      Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Paint Your Wagon                                                Lerner & Lowe

                                String Quartet No. 1                                             Carter

                                Amahl and the Night Visitors                            Menotti

                                Imaginary Landscape No. 4                               Cage

                                Symphony No. 1                                                   Henri Dutilleux

                                Polyphonie X                                                        Boulez

                                Carlevaro, Abel                                                                    1952-2001               Musician

                                Sardar, Ziauddin                                                                   1951-

                                Schnabel, Julian                                                                   1951-                       Painter

                                Sekula, Allan                                                                         1951-

                                Van Ness, Patricia                                                                1951-                       Musician

                                Wieman, Carl E.                                                                    1951-

                                Witten, Edward                                                                    1951-

                                Benson, Frank Weston                                                       1862-1951

                                Carpenter, John Alden                                                        1876-1951               Composer

                                Collet, Henri                                                                          1885-1951

                                Creath, Charlie                                                                      1890-1951               Musician

                                Foerster, Josef Bohuslav                                                    1859-1951               Composer

                                Gide, Andre Paul Guillaume                                                1869-1951

                                Hearst, William Randolph                                                   1863-1951

                                Lambert, Constant                                                               1905-1951               Composer (London, England)

                                Lewis, Sinclair                                                                       1885-1951               Novelist

                                Medtner, Nicolai Karlovich                                                1880-1951               Composer

                                Mikkola, Maria (Maila Talvio) Winter                              1871-1951

                                Schnabel, Artur                                                                    1882-1951               Composer

                                Schoenberg, Arnold                                                            1874-1951               Composer

                                Sloan, John                                                                           1871-1951

                                Vollmer, Joan                                                                        1924-1951

                                Wittgenstein, Ludwig                                                         1889-1951               Philosopher

                                Yancey, Jimmy                                                                      1894-1951               Musician

1952                        Woman II (Willem De Kooning)

                                Study at Le Ciotat (Nicolas De Stael)

                                Gangster Funeral (Jack Levine) (-1953)

                                Mountains and Sea (Helen Frankenthaler)

                                Cain and Abel (Frederick Edward McWilliam)

                                Giraffe (Calder)

                                Lelia, ou la vie de George Sand (Maurois)

                                Complete Plays and Poems (T. S. Eliot)

                                L'Homme revolte (Camus)

                                High Noon (Fred Zinnemann)

                                Ikiru (akira Kurosawa)

                                The Quiet Man (John Ford)

                                Singin' in the Rain (Gene Kelly)

                                Umberto D (Vittoria de Sica)

                                Viva Zapata (Elia Kazan)

                                Military Coup in Egypt led by Nasser - Farouk deposed (7/23)

                                Bonn Convention - between  Britain, France, US, and West Germany - ends occupation of West Germany

                                Schuman Plan becomes effective

                                European Coal and Steel Community holds first meeting at Luxemburg

                                Greece and Turkey join NATO

                                Mau Mau (secret organization of Kikuyu tribesmen) begins terrorist activities against British in Kenya

                                Military revolution in Egypt overthows monarchy and establishes a republic

                                First national election in India - Jawaharlal Nehru elected prime minister

                                China accuses United States of waging germ warfare in Korea

                                Bolivian Revolution

                                George VI -                            (United Kingdom)                                King

                                Elizabeth II +                         (United Kingdom)                                Queen (-present)

                                Farouk -                                 (Egypt)                                                   King (deposed)

                                Jawaharlal Nehru +              (India)                                                    Prime Minister

                                Columbia University Electronic Studio founded

                                MJQ formed         

                                Midsummer Marriage Opera                              Tippett

                                Sonata for Flute, Oboe, Cello, & Harpsi.          Carter

                                4’33”                                                                       Cage

                                Panama Hattie                                                       Cole Porter

                                Clemente, Francesco                                                           1952-

                                Febel, Reinhard                                                                    1952-                       Composer

                                Kashkashian, Kim                                                                1952-                       Viola (U.S)

                                Rihm, Wolfgang                                                                   1952-                       Composer

                                Bortkiewicz, Sergei                                                               1877-1952               Composer

                                Brown, Willie                                                                        1900-1952               Musician

                                Croce, Benedetto                                                                 1866-1952

                                Dewey, John                                                                         1859-1952

                                Hamsun, Knut Pedersen                                                     1859-1952

                                Henderson, Fletcher                                                            1897-1952               Composer

                                Langgaard, Rued Immanuel                                                1893-1952               Musician

                                Molnar, Ferenc                                                                     1878-1952

                                Mortelmans, Lodewijk                                                         1868-1952               Composer

                                Santayana, George                                                               1863-1952

1953                        L'Escargot (Henri Matisse)

                                Homage to the Square: "Ascending" (Josef albers)

                                Les Chevaux de Soleil (Andre Beaudin)

                                Head III (Graham Sutherland)

                                Reclining Nude (Sir William Coldstream) (-1954)

                                Primeval Landscape (William Baziotes)

                                Blue Poles (Jackson Pollock)

                                The Anatomist (Hyman Bloom)

                                Explosion (Gianni Dova)

                                Knight Watch (Jean-Paul Riopelle)

                                The Ant (Germaine Richier)

                                The Unknown Political Prisoner (Reg Butler)

                                Girl (Reg Butler) (-1954)

                                Variation within a Sphere, No. 10: The Sun (Richard Lippold) (-1956)

                                En attendant Godot (Beckett)

                                Camino Real (Williams)

                                History of the Second World War (Churchill)

                                The Band Wagon (Vincente Minelli)

                                The Earrings of Madame de... (Max Ophuls)

                                From Here to Eternity (Fred Zinnemann)

                                The Glenn Miller Story (Anthony Mann)

                                I Vitelloni (Frederico Fellini)

                                Lili (Charles Waters)

                                The Salt of The Earth (Herbert Biberman)

                                Sawdust and Tinsel (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Shane (George Stevens)

                                Stalag 17 (Billy Wilder)

                                Tokyo Story (Yasujiro Ozu)

                                The Wild One (Laszlo Benedek)

                                Ceasefire in the Korean War (7/27)

                                THE THAW

                                Bermuda Conference - between Great Britain, United States, and France

                                East Berlin rising

                                ECSC launched

                                Military coup in Egypt - monarchy ends - republic established

                                Kenyan politician Jono Kenyatta imprisoned on charges of Mau Mau involvement

                                China's first Five-Year Plan

                                French forces occupy Dien Bien Phu, North Vietnam - Viet Minh forces invade Laos

                                Treaty of Panmunjon - ends Korean War?

                                Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Sherpa Tenzing are the first to climb Mount Everest

                                Playboy begins publication

                                Watson-Crick model of DNA molecule

                                Me and Juliet                                                        Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Two’s Company

                                The New Moon                                                    Romberg/Hammertein II/

                                Kontra-Punkte                                                      Stockhausen

                                Trygve Lie -                          (United Nations)                                  Secretary-General

                                Dag Hammarskjold +           (United Nations)                                  Secretary-General (Sweden)

                                Marshal Tito +                      (Yugoslavia)                                         President (Communist)

                                Joseph Stalin -                      (Russia)                                                 (1924-)    Premier

                                Georgi Malenkov +              (Russia)                                                 Premier

                                Dwight D. Eisenhower +     (United States)                                     President (-1961)

                                Magsaysay +                        (Philippines)                                          President

                                Chailly, Riccardo                                                                  1953-                       Conductor

                                Hatzis, Christos                                                                    1953-                       Composer

                                Longo, Robert                                                                      1953-                       Painter

                                Prelinger, Richard                                                                 1953-

                                Saxton, Robert                                                                      1953                        Musician

                                Wiles, Andrew                                                                     1953-                       Mathematician

                                Winant, William                                                                   1953-

                                Zorn, John                                                                             1953-                       Musician

                                Aanrud, Hans                                                                       1863-1953

                                Bax, Arnold Edward Trevor                                                1883-1953               Composer

                                Bode, Boyd Henry                                                               1873-1953

                                Bunin, Ivan Alekseyevich                                                  1870-1953

                                Burns, John Horne                                                               1915-1953              

                                Dufy, Raoul                                                                           1877-1953

                                Jongen, Marie Alphonse Nicolas Joseph                        1873-1953               Composer

                                Mankiewicz, Herman                                                           1897-1953               Director

                                Mason, Daniel Gregory                                                       1873-1953               Composer

                                Millikan, Robert Andrews                                                  1868-1953

                                O’Neill, Eugene Gladstone                                 1888-1953               Playwright

                                Prokofiev, Sergei                                                                  1891-1953               Composer

                                Pudovkin, Vsevolod                                                            1893-1953

                                Quilter, Roger                                                                       1877-1953               Composer

                                Reichenbach, Hans                                                              1891-1953

                                Reinhardt, Django                                                                1910-1953               Musician

                                Richardson, Lewis Fry                                                        1881-1953

                                Roux-Champion, VJ                                                             1871-1953

                                Sabin, Florence Rena                                                           1871-1953

                                Stalin, Josef                                                                           1879-1953

1954                        Midwest (Charles Sheeler)

                                Abstract Composition (Serge Poliakoff)

                                First Veil (Morris Louis)

                                Head of a Girl (Emilio Greco)

                                The Room (Philip Guston) (-1955)

                                Sheffield Weir II (Edward Middleditch)

                                Self Portrait (Bernard Buffet)

                                Flag (Jasper Johns)

                                Poems 1923-1954 (e. e. cummings)

                                Under Milk Wood (Dylan Thomas)

                                The Caine Mutiny(Edward Dmytryk)

                                Elephant Walk (William Dieterle)

                                La Strada (Freferico Fellini)

                                On the Waterfront (Elia Kazan)

                                Rear Window (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Rififi (Jules Dassin)

                                Sansho the Bailiff (Kenji Mizoguchi)

                                Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (Stanley Donen)

                                Seven Samurai (Akira Kurusawa)

                                20,000 Leagues under the Sea (Richard Fleischer)

                                Edward Murrow and Fred Freindly's See It Now show airs "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy "(3/9)

                                Battle of Dien Bien Phu begins - France defeated by Viet Minh in Vietnam (3/13)   -(5/8)

                                Brown vs Board of Education - U.S. Supreme Court rules against racially segregated schools (5/17)

                                Disturbances in Cyprus and Greece over enosis (union of Cyprus and Greece)

                                Anglo-Egyptian Treaty - provides for evacuation of British troops

                                Algerian War of Independence begins

                                Geneva Conference - French Indochina (Vietnam) divided - French withdrawal from Indo-china

                                EDC proposal defeated in French parliament

                                North Vietnam controlled by Communist government of Ho Chi Minh

                                South Vietnam supported by Great Britain and the United States

                                North Vietnam begins attempts to take over South Vietnam

                                South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) - formed to prevent spread of Communism in south-east Asia

                                US Atomic Energy Act of 1954

                                Gordon, Zeiger, and Townes - molecular emission of radiation (Maser)

                                1st Newport Jazz Festival held

                                Boston Camerata forms

                                Daugherty, Michael                                                             1954-                       Musician

                                Picker, Tobias                                                                       1954-                       Composer

                                Rice, Condoleeza                                                                  1954-                       Statesman (Birmingham, AL)

                                Sherman, Cindy                                                                    1954-                       Photographer

                                Wilson, Fred                                                                         1954-

                                Barrymore, Lionel                                                                1878-1954

                                Benavente, Jacinto                                                              1866-1954

                                Bodenheim, Maxwell                                                           1893-1954

                                Bogert, Marston Taylor                                                      1868-1954

                                Borresen, Hakon                                                                  1876-1954               Composer

                                Carlslaw, Horatio Scott                                                       1870-1954

                                Collette, Sidonie-Gabrielle                                                  1873-1954

                                Derain, Andre                                                                       1880-1954

                                Diels, Otto Paul Herman                                                      1876-1954

                                Fermi, Enrico                                                                         1901-1954               Physicist (Italy)

                                Furtwangler, Wilhelm                                                          1886-1954

                                Hilton, James (Glen Trevor)                                                1900-1954

                                Ives, Charles Edward                                                           1874-1954               Composer

                                Kahlo, Frida                                                                          1907-1954               Painter

                                Marsh, Reginald                                                                   1898-1954

                                Matisse, Henri                                                                      1869-1954               Painter

1955                        Industrial Landscape (Laurence Stephen Lowry)

                                An April Mood (Charles Burchfield)

                                Man with a Hod (Dubuffet)

                                Ile de France (Jean Helion)

                                Froissements Delicats (Borduas)

                                The Beach (Renato Guttuso)

                                The Birth of Venus (Davie)

                                Amorous Dance (Karel Appel)

                                Double Portrait of Birdie (Larry Rivers)

                                Blue Territory (Helen Franckenthaler)

                                MonumentSymbolizing the Liberation of the Spirit (Antoine Pevsner)

                                The Shield of Achilles (Auden)

                                Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Williams)

                                Lolita (Nabakov)

                                Benny Goodman Story

                                East of Eden (Elia Kazan)

                                Mister Roberts (John Ford)

                                The Night My Number Came Up (Leslie Norman)

                                Ordet (Carl Dreyer)

                                Princess Yang Kwei Fei (Kenji Mizoguchi)

                                Rebel without a Cause (Nicholas Ray)

                                The Seven Year Itch (Billy Wilder)

                                Smiles of a Summer Night (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Warsaw Pact - Communist nations sign eastern European defence treaty in opposition to NATO (5/14)

                                USSR launches first successful submarine nuclear missile (9)

                                Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to sit at the back of a Montgomery, AL bus (12/1)

                                Montgomery Alabama Bus Boycott begins (12/3)

                                Rosa Parks found guilty - fined $10 and court cost of $4 (12/5)

                                ------------------------------------------------------------------

                                West Germany admitted to NATO

                                International conference at Geneva discusses peaceful uses of atomic energy

                                Treaty of Peace - with Austria

                                Nikita Khruschev comes to power in USSR

                                EOKA - Greek Cypriot organization led by Givras begins terrorist activities in Cyprus

                                Israel raids Egyptian and Syrian borders

                                First Sudanese Civil War (Anyanya War)  (-1972)

                                Baghdad Pact - signed by Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and Great Britain

                                Bandung Conference - first major meeting of twenty-nine  Asian and African nations

                                Armed rebellion and general strike in Argentina - president Juan Peron goes into exile

                                US-China Geneva-Warsaw talks begin

                                Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (E. R. Andrew)

                                Donald Byrd with George Wallington

                                Kenny Burrell arrives in New York

                                Charles Mingus forms first Jazz Workshop

                                Variations for Orchestra                                    Eliot Carter

                                Pipe Dream                                                           Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Incontri                                                                 Nono

                                Le Marteau sans maitre                                     Boulez

                                Jimmy Reed’s “You Don’t Have to Go”

                                Berners-Lee, Tim                                                                  1955-                       WWW

                                Gates, William                                                                       1955-                       Computer Scientist

                                Jobs, Steve                                            2/24                         1955

                                Roberts, John G.                                                                   1955-                       Supreme Court Chief Justice

                                Rollins, Tim                                                                           1955-

                                Agee, James                                                                          1909-1955               Writer

                                Baumeister, Willi                                                                  1889-1955

                                Bohm, Dominikus                                                 1880-1955

                                Claudell, Paul                                                                        1868-1955

                                De Stael, Nicolas                                                                  1914-1955

                                Einstein, Albert                                                                    1879-1955

                                Enesco, Georges                                                                  1881-1955               Composer

                                Honegger, Arthur                                                                1892-1955               Composer

                                Johnson, James Price                                                          1894-1955               Musician

                                Mann, Thomas                                                                     1875-1955

                                Martin, Sara                                                                          1884-1955               Composer

                                Milles, Carl                                                                            1875-1955               Sculptor (Uppsala, Sweden) (9/19)

                                Ortega y Gasset, Jose                                                          1883-1955

                                Parker, Charlie Christopher                                                1920-1955               Composer

                                Pratella                                                                                   1880-1955

                                Ropartz, Joseph Guy Marie                                                1864-1955               Composer

                                Stokes, Frank                                                                        1888-1955               Musician

                                Tanguy, Yves                                                                       1900-1955

1956                        Vegetable Still-life (Roy de Maistre)

                                Green on Blue (Mark Rothko)

                                Espana (Mauricio Lasansky)

                                Sea Sentinel (Theodore Roszak)

                                Alexander the Great (Robert Rossen)

                                Anastasia (Anatole Litvak)

                                The Court Jester (Norman Panama)

                                Friendly Persuasion (William Wyler)

                                Giant (George Stevens)

                                Lust for Life (Vincente Minnelli)

                                The Searchers (John Ford)

                                The Ten Commandments (Cecil B. Demille)

                                Sudan gains independence - does not join British Commonwealth (1/1)

                                Granma yacht lands in Cuba -

                             -----------------------------------------------------------

                                Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev denounces former premier Joseph Stalin

                                Twentieth Party Congress of USSR

                                Gomulka becomes First Secretary of Polish Communist Party

                                Anti-Russian uprising in Hungary crushed by Soviet troops

                                Morocco gains independence from France

                                Tunisia gains independence from France

                                Great Britain withdraws troops from Suez Canal Zone

                                Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal Zone - Israeli forces invade Egypt

                                Anglo-French-Israeli forces intervene and occupy Suez Canal Zone

                                United Nations calls for cease fire in Suez Canal Zone and sends in emergency forces to enforce it

                                MLK organizes Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott

                                “Geneva Round”

                                Gamal Abdul Nasser +        (Egypt)                                                   President

                                Patty Page

                                Donald Byrd with Art Blakey and Max Roach Groups

                                Canticum sacrum                                                  Stravinsky

                                Te Deum                                                                  Pepping

                                My Fair Lady                                                         Lerner & Lowe

                                Piano Piece No. 11                                               Stockhausen

                                Gesang der Junglinge                                          Stockhausen

                                Isben, Sharon                                                                       1956-                       Guitarist

                                Pereira, Marco                                                                      1956-                       Musician

                                Sedaris, David                                                                      1956-                       Writer

                                Benn, Gottfried                                                                     1886-1956

                                Borel, Felix Eduard Emile                                                     1871-1956

                                Brecht, Bertolt                                                                      1898-1956               Playwright

                                Brancusi, Constantin                                                           1876-1956

                                Brown, Clifford                                                                     1930-1956               Musician

                                Charpentier, Gustave                                                           1860-1956               Composer

                                Dorsey, Tommy                                                                    1905-1956               Musician

                                Finzi, Gerald                                                                          1901-1956               Composer

                                Gliere, Reinhold                                                                    1875-1956               Composer

                                Gretchaninov, Alexander Tikhonovich                            1864-1956               Composer

                                Mencken, Henry Louis                                                       1880-1956               Editor/Author/Critic (Baltimore, MD)

                                Nolde, Emil                                                                            1867-1956               Painter

                                Pollock, Jackson                                                                   1912-1956               Painter

                                Tatum, Art                                                                             1909-1956               Musician

                                Trumbauer, Frankie                                                              1901-1956

1957                        Composition 166 (Maurice Esteve)

                                Black, Brown and Grey (Pierre Soulages)

                                Around the Blues (Sam Francis)

                                The Angel of the Expulsion (Elbert Weinberg)

                                On the Road (Kerouac)

                                Doctor Zhivago (Pasternak)

                                The Coming Caesars (Amaury de Riencort)

                                The Black Flame - trilogy  (W.E.B. Du Bois) (1957-1961)

                                Bridge over River Kwai (David Lean)

                                Edge of the City (Martin Ritt)

                                A Face in the Crowd (Elia Kazan)

                                Golden Age of Comedy (Robert Youngson)

                                A King in New York (Charlie Chaplin)

                                Nights of Cabiria (Frederico Fellini)

                                Paths to Glory (Stanley Kubrick)

                                Seventh Seal (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Throne of Blood (Akira Kurosawa)

                                12 Angry Men (Sidney Lumet)

                                Wild Strawberries (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Witness for the Prosecution (Billy Wilder)

                                Soviet Union launches Sputnik I, first artificial satellite - using R-7 (V-7) ICBM technology (10/4)

                                Treaty of Rome - signed by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, and the Netherlands (3/25)

                                Treaty of Rome - establishes European Economic Community - the "Common Market" (3/25)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                Khruschev defeats "anti-Party group"

                                Suez Canal re-opens to all shipping

                                Ghana gains independence

                                Malaysian gains independence

                                Sukarno introduces "guided democracy" in Indonesia

                                Revolt in Sumatra and outer islands of Indonesia

                                Race riots in southern United States

                                Guerrilla activity in Cuba begins under Fidel Castro against dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista

                                Geophysical Year begins

                                T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang discover principle of non-conservation of parity (Nobel Prize)

                                Haakon VII -                          (Norway)

                                Olaf V +                                  (Norway)                                               Olav

                                Agon                                                                       Stravinsky

                                Die Harmonie der Welt                                        Hindemith

                                Dialogues des Carmelites                                   Poulenc

                                2nd Symphony                                                      Tippett

                                Bluthochzeit                                                          Fortner

                                Cinderella                                                              Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                West Side Story                                                      Leonard Bernstein

                                The Music Man

                                Dun, Tan                                                                               1957-                       Composer (China)

                                Ketterce, Wolfgang                                                             1957-

                                Pujol, Maximo Diego                                                           1957-                       Musician

                                Raymond, Eric Steven                                                         1957-

                                Abbott, Edith                                                                        1876-1957

                                Banfi, Antonio                                                                      1886-1957

                                Bogart, Humphrey                                                               1899-1957               Actor

                                Bothe, Walter                                                                       1891-1957

                                Craigie, William Alexander                                                 1867-1957

                                Doblin, Alfred                                                                       1878-1957

                                Kazantzakis, Nikos                                                               1883-1957               Novelist

                                Korngold, Erich Wolfgang                                                 1897-1957               Composer

                                Lofton, Cripple Clarence                                                     1887-1957

                                Mistral, Gabriela (Lucila Godoy y Alcayaga                    1889-1957

                                Neumann, John von                                                            1903-1957

                                Perry, Ralph Barton                                                             1876-1957

                                Reich, Wilhelm                                                                     1897-1957

                                Salvemini, Gaetano                                                              1873-1957

                                Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian                                            1865-1957               Composer

                                Stark, Johannes                                                                    1874-1957

                                Toscanini, Arturo                                                                                1867-1957               Conductor

1958                        Three flags (Jasper Johns)

                                Brighton Pier (Edward Bawden)

                                Ochre Gris LXX (Antonio Tapies)

                                Galactic Cluster Number 1 (Ibram Lassaw)

                                The Subterraneans              (Kerouac)

                                The Dharma Bums               (Kerouac)

                                Cat on a Hot Tin Roof       (Richard Brooks)

                                The Defiant Ones                (Stanley Cramer)

                                Gigi                                        (Vincente Minelli)

                                Mon Oncle                            (Jacques Tati)

                                A Night to Remember        (Roy Ward Baker)

                                Separate Tables                  (Delbert Mann)

                                Touch of Evil                       (Orson Welles)

                                Vertigo                                 (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Egypt and Syria form United Arab Republic (UAR) (2/1)

                                US Arms Embargo against Cuba begins (3/14)

                                (NORAD) North American Air Defense Command forms - joint defence organization with Can. & US (5/12)

                                -----------------------------------------------------------

                                Charles de Gaulle becomes first president of French Fifth Republic

                                Treaty of Rome - EEC (Common Market) established

                                Eisenhower Doctrine toward the Middle East

                                Referendum in French Africa

                                Conference of Independent African States convenes in Accra

                                All-African People's Conference convenes in Accra

                                Guinea gains independence

                                Yemen joins UAR to form United Arab States

                                Military revolt in Iraq led by Abdul Kassem - King Faisal II assassinated end of monarchy - republic declared

                                "Great Leap Forward" in China

                                "Offshore islands" crisis on China coast

                                First commercial jet airplanes in service

                                United States launches Explorer I, its first satellite - space race begins

                                Voyage of the Nautilus

                                Charles de Gaulle +            (France)                                 President

                                Krushchev +                         (Russia)                                                 Premier

                                Faisal II -                               (Iraq)                                                      King (assassinated)

                                Pius XII -

                                John XXIII +

                                Harlem Hit Parade---> "Race Records" -------> Rhythm & Blues Chart -------> Hot RB Chart

                                Threni                                                                    Stravinsky

                                Poeme Electronique                                           Varese

                                Flower Drum Song                                              Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                Catalogue des oiseaux                                       Messaien

                                Funeral Music                                                     Lutoslawski

                                Gigi                                                                        Lerner & Lowe

                                Bell, Lurrie                                                                             1958-

                                Haring, Keith                                                                        1958-1990               Painter

                                Kar-Wai, Wong                                                                    1958-

                                Adams, Samuel Hopkins                                                     1871-1958

                                Balla, Giacomo                                                                      1871-1958

                                Broonzy, Big Bill                                                                  1893-1958               Musician

                                Davisson, C. J.                                                                      1881-1958

                                Du Gard, Roger Martin                                                        1881-1958

                                Handy, William Christopher                                               1873-1958               Composer

                                Holbrooke, Josef                                                                  1878-1958               Composer

                                Humphrey, Doris                                                                  1895-1958

                                Jimenez, Juan Ramon                                                           1881-1958

                                Lawrence, E. O.                                                                     1901-1958

                                Milankovic, Milutin                                             (12/12)    1879-1958               Geophysicist (Serbia)

                                Moore, G. E.                                                                          1873-1958

                                Pauli, Wolfgang                                                                   1900-1958

                                Rouault, Georges                                                                 1871-1958

                                Taniyama, Yukata                                                                1927-1958

                                Vaughan Williams, Ralph                                                   1872-1958               Composer

1959                        Smaragd Red and Germinating Yellow (Hans Hofmann)

                                Still-life (Morandi)

                                Blue, Violet and Black (Georges Mathieu)

                                Man in a Wheel-chair (Leon Kossof) (-1962)

                                Young Shadows (Louise Nevelson) (-1960)

                                Miracolo (Marino Marini)

                                Monogram (Robert Rauschenberg)

                                One (Gio Pomodoro)

                                Anatomy of a Murder (Otto Preminger)

                                Ben Hur (William Wyler)

                                The Four Hundred Blows (Francois Truffaut)

                                North by Northwest (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                On the Beach (Stanley Kramer)

                                The Overcoat (Alexei Batalov)

                                Room at the Top (Jack Clayton)

                                Some Like it Hot (Billy Wilder)

                                Batista is  overthrown in Cuba - Communist leader Fidel Castro comes to power– Batista flees to Portugal  (1/1)

                                Anti-European riots in Leopoldville - capitol of Belgian Congo

                                Chinese-Indian border incidents

                                Uprising in Tibet against Chinese rule - Dalai Lama escapes to India - Tibetan revolt crushed

                                Fulgencia Batista -               (Cuba)                                                    overthrown

                                Fidel Castro +                       (Cuba)                                                    Premier

                                First moon rockets

                                Studies in the stucture of viruses

                                “The day the music died” (2/3)

                                Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields forms

                                Oedipus der Tyrann                                            Orff

                                Symphony No. 2 (Le Double)                            Henri Dutilleux

                                Sound of Music                                                   Rodgers & Hammerstein

                                String Quartet  No. 2                                           Carter

                                Kind of Blue                                                          Miles Davis

                                Dove, Jonathan                                                                    1959-

                                Lin, Maya                                                                              1959-

                                Macmillan, James                                                                 1959-                       Composer (England)

                                Quasthoff, Thomas                                                              1959-                       Baritone (Hildesheim, Germany)

                                Walker, Curtis       (Blow)                                                    1959-                       Musician

                                Anderson, Maxwell                                                             1888-1959

                                Bairnsfather, Bruce                                                              1888-1959

                                Bechet, Sidney                                                                     1897-1959               Musician

                                Bloch, Ernest                                                                        1880-1959               Composer

                                Chandler, Raymond                                                             1888-1959

                                Cummings, Irving                                                                1888-1959

                                DeMille, Cecil B.                                                                   1881-1959

                                Dodds, Warren “Baby”                                                      1898-1959               Musician

                                Epstein, Sir Jacob                                                                 1880-1959

                                Goulding, Edmund                                                               1891-1959

                                Grosz, George                                                                       1893-1959

                                Holiday, Billie                                                                       1915-1959               Musician

                                Ketelbey, Albert                                                                   1875-1959               Composer

                                Marsick, Armand                                                                 1877-1959               Composer

                                Martinu, Bohuslav                                                               1890-1959               Composer

                                McTell, Blind Willie                                                             1898-1959               Musician (Georgia)              (1901)

                                Muir, Edwin                                                                          1887-1959

                                Richardson, Owen W.                                                         1879-1959

                                Villa-Lobos, Heitor                                                               1887-1959               Composer

                                Waismann, Friedrich                                                           1896-1959

                                Wilson, C. T. R.                                                                    1869-1959

                                Wright, Frank Lloyd                                                            1869-1959

                                Young, Lester                                                                       1909-1959               Musician              

1960                        Helena Rubinstein (Sir William Dobell)

                                Spacial Concept Pause (Lucio Fontana)

                                Abstract in Black, White and Indigo (Victor Pasmore) (-1961)

                                Meryon (Franz Kline)

                                That Gentleman (Andrew Newell Wyeth)

                                Thermal (Peter Lanyon)   

                                Compression 1960 (Cesar Baldaccini)

                                Head (William Turnbull)

                                Homage to New York (Jean Tinguely)

                                The Alamo (John Wayne)

                                The Apartment (Billy Wilder)

                                Psycho (Alfred Hitchcock)

                                Shoot the Piano Player (Francois Truffaut)

                                The Sundowners (Fred Zinnemann)

                                Tunes of Glory (Ronald Neame)

                                Two Women (Vittoria de Sica)

                                When Comedy Was King (Robert Youngson)

                                Cyprus becomes independent republic under President Archbishop Makarios (8/16)1

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                Abortive summit meeting in Paris

                                United States' reconnaissance aircraft shot down over Soviet territory

                                Beginning of Sino-Soviet conflict - open debate

                                Year of Africa

                                Seventeen colonies in Africa gain independence

                                Belgian Congo gains independence

                                French Black Africa gains independence

                                Congo Crisis

                                Civil war breaks out in newly independent Congo

                                Katanga province in Congo under Moise Tshombe secedes

                                US-Japan Security Treaty revised

                                Conflict in Vietnam resumes

                                European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central American Common Market formed

                                International agreement to reserve Antarctica for scientific research - all territorial claims waived

                                “Dillon Round” (-1961)

                                88% of US households own a television set

                                Archbishop Makarios +     (Cyprus)                                                                President

                                Twenty-five artificial satellites in orbit

                                Pioneer V launched

                                First working laser

                                MUSIC computer synthesizer

                                Mystere de la Nativite                                        Martin

                                Nonet for Strings                                                 Copland

                                Chronochromie                                                   Messaien

                                Camelot                                                                 Lerner & Lowe

                                Pli selon ple                                                         Boulez

                                Apresludes                                                            Castiglione

                                Threnody for the Victims of Hiroshima           Penderecki (1961)

                                Basquiat, Jean-Michel                                                         1960-1988               Painter

                                Blake, Nayland                                                                     1960-

                                Erbe, Tom                                                                              1960-

                                Golijov, Osvaldo                                                                  1960-                       Composer

                                Shipp, Matthew                                                                    1960-                       Musician

                                Adams, Franklin Pierce                                                       1881-1960

                                Alfven, Hugo                                                                        1872-1960               Composer (Stockholm, Sweden)

                                Austin, John Langshaw                                                      1911-1960

                                Baade, Walter                                                                       1893-1960

                                Benjamin, Arthur                                                                  1893-1960               Musician

                                Bjorling, Jussi                                                                       1911-1960               Opera Tenor (Sweden)

                                Boughton, Rutland                                                              1878-1960               Composer

                                Broglie, Louis Cesar Maurice                                             1875-1960

                                Camus, Albert                                                                       1913-1960               Writer

                                Collins, Lee                                                                           1901-1960

                                Dohnanyi, Ernst von                                                           1877-1960               Composer

                                Haeberlin, Paul                                                                     1878-1960

                                Hammerstein, Oscar                                                             1895-1960

                                Laue, Max Theodore Felix von                                          1879-1960

                                Marquand, John                                                                   1893-1960               Novelist

                                Nichols, Dudley                                                                   1895-1960

                                Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich                                            1890-1960

                                Phillpotts, Eden                                                                    1862-1960

                                Seiber, Matyas                                                                     1905-1960               Musician

                                Wright, Frank                                                                       1888-1960

1961                        La Cathedrale engloutie (Ceri Richards)

                                Seated Figure (Francis Bacon)

                                September 1961 (Roger Hilton)

                                Cubi Sculptures (David Smith)

                                Cybernetic Tower (Nicholas Schoffer)

                                Icarus Transformed I (Michael Ayrton)

                                Wood Relief No. 17 (Joe Tilson)

                                The Hustler (Robert Rossen)

                                Judgement at Nuremberg (Stanley Kramer)

                                Jules and Jim (Francois Truffaut)

                                The Misfits (John Huston)  (2/1)

                                One, Two, Three (Billy Wilder)

                                A Raisin in the Sun (Daniel Petrie)

                                West Side Story (Robert Wise)

                                Yojimbo (Akira Kurosawa)

                                "Art of Assemblage" show at MOMA

                                Claes Oldenburg's "Store" opens in New York

                                Nouveau Realisme school cofounded by Fernadez Arman

                                Patrice Lumumba, President of Congo is assassinated by Katangan and Belgian forces (1/17)

                                Peace Corps established by Executive Order (3/1)

                                Bay of Pigs invasion (abortive) (4/15-19)

                                Rafael Trujillo assassinated - ends 31-year dictatorship in the Dominican Republic (5/30)

                                Berlin Wall begins construction - East Germany tightens borders  (8/13)

                                Dag Hammarskjold dies in plane crash while travelling to talks in the Congo (9/18)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Great Britain begins application to join European Economic Community

                                Creation of Casablanca and Monrovia groups

                                Angola rebellion begins - first in Portuguese Africa

                                South Africa becomes a republic and withdraws from the Commonwealth

                                Latin American Free Trade Association forms (LAFTA)

                                US starts manufacturing VX nerve agent in Dungway, Utah

                                US in Vietnam

                                Soviet Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space (4/12)

                                Dag Hammarskjold -          (United Nations)                                   Secretary-General (Sweden)

                                U Thant +                              (United Nations)                                   Secretary-General  (Burma)

                                Patrice Lumumba -             (Congo)                                                  President (Leopoldville)

                                Bernard Haitink assumes co-conductor post with Concertgebouw Orchestra

                                Brian Epstein sees the Beatles perform for the first time at the Cavern Club in Liverpool (11/9)

                                Double Concerto for harps. & piano, 2 orch                Carter

                                Composition for Synthesizer                             Babbitt  

                                Vision and Prayer                                               Babbitt

                                Intolleranza                                                          Nono

                                Elegy for Young Lovers                                      Henze

                                Cornell, Eric A.                                                                     1961-

                                Marsalis, Wynton                                                                1961-                       Musician

                                Salerno-Sonnenberg, Nadja                                               1961-                       Violinist

                                Bridgeman, P. W.                                                                 1882-1961

                                Celine, Louis Ferdinand                                                      1894-1961

                                Grainger, Percy Aldridge                                                    1882-1961               Composer

                                Hemingway, Ernest Miller                                                  1899-1961               Writer

                                Houston, Cisco                                                                    1918-1961               Musician

                                Jung, Carl                                                                              1875-1961               Psychologist

                                LaFaro, Scott                                                                        1936-1961               Musician

                                LaRocca, Nick                                                                       1889-1961               Musician

                                Merleau-Ponty, Maurice                                                     1908-1961

                                Moses, Anna Mary Robertson                                         1860-1961

                                Schrodinger, Erwin                                                              1887-1961

                                Talich, Vaclav                                                                       1883-1961               Conductor (Kromeriz, Moravia)

                                Thurber, James                                                                     1894-1961               Writer

1962                        Marilyn Six-Pak (Andy Warhol)

                                The Toy Shop (Peter Blake)

                                One, Two, Three (Bernard Cohen)

                                Temps sur Temps (Zoltan Kemeny)

                                Earth (Jean-Robert Iposteguy)

                                Early one Morning (Caro)

                                Coo Wha Zee (Chamberlain)

                                Two Cheeseburgers, with Everything (Claes Oldenberg)

                                Big Sur (Kerouac)

                                Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Albee)

                                Knife in the Water (Roman Polanski)

                                Lawrence of Arabia (David Lean)

                                The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner (Tony Richardson)

                                Long Days Journey into Night (Sidney Lumet)

                                The Longest Day (Ken Annakin)

                                The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (John Ford)

                                Ride the High Country (Sam Peckinpah)

                                John Glenn orbits Earth 3 times in 5 hours (2/20)

                                Telstar 1 communications satellite launched - first live TV broadcasts between United States and Europe (7/10-11)

                                First live TV broadcast between US and Europe via Telstar 1 – and first telephone call and fax beamed by satellite (7/23)

                                James Meredith successfully enters University of Mississippi (10/1)

                                Uganda gains independence (10/6)

                                Second Vatican Council convened (10/11) Th

                                Cuban Missile Crisis begins – 32 missiles detected in Cuba by U2 spyplane–   standoff  btween US and USSR (10/14) Su

                                Sino-Indian War - Nathu La Border dispute  - China invades India (10/20)  Sa

                                Kennedy decides to go to DEFCON 3 – airstrike imminent (10/21) Su

                                Kennedy TV broadcast -   Cuban Crisis  and “quarantine” plan of 26  incoming Russian  ships  – (10/22) Mo

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Geneva Conference - on Laos and disarmament

                                Algeria gains independence from France after war lasting eight years

                                End of Katango secession in Congo

                                Civil war in Yemen - overthrow of monarchy

                                Ne Win coup d'etat in Burma

                                Spacewar 1.0 officially released – developed by Steve “Slug: Russell et al at MIT – first real video game  (2)

                                A Sermon, a Narrative, and a Prayer              Stravinsky

                                No Strings                                                             Rodgers

                                War Requiem                                                        Britten

                                Strategie                                                               Xenakis

                                Concerto Italien pour deux pianos et orch.   Dubois

                                Glogauer Liederbuch                                         Wuorinen

                                "Do You Love Me?"                                            Contours

                                Atkins, Juan                                                                          1962-                       Musician

                                Botti, Chris                                                                            1962-                       Musician

                                Higdon, Jennifer                                                                   1962-                       Musician

                                Anderson, John                                                                   1893-1962

                                Bachelard, Gaston                                                                1884-1962

                                Bohr, Niels Henrik David                                                    1885-1962

                                Borzage, Frank                                                                      1894-1962

                                Compton, Arthur Holly                                                       1892-1962

                                cummings, e. e.                                                                     1894-1962               Poet

                                Curtiz, Michael                                                                     1888-1962               Director

                                Eisler, Hanns                                                                         1898-1962               Composer

                                Faulkner, William                                                                 1897-1962               Novelist

                                Goossens, Eugene                                                               1893-1962               Conductor (London, England)

                                Hamilton, Anthony Walter Patrick                                    1904-1962

                                Hesse, Herman                                                                     1877-1962               Novelist

                                Ibert, Jacques                                                                       1890-1962               Composer

                                Ireland, John                                                                         1879-1962               Composer

                                Kline, Franz                                                                           1910-1962

                                Koskenniemi, Veikko Antero                                             1885-1962

                                Lovejoy, Arthur Oncken                                                     1873-1962

                                Louis, Morris                                                                        1912-1962               Painter (Baltimore, U.S.)

                                Pevsner                                                                                  1886-1962

                                Sackville-West, Victoria Marie                                          1892-1962

1963                        Triptyque (Sonia Delaunay)

                                Whaam! (Roy Lichtenstein)

                                Horizontal Movement (Jesus-Raphael Soto)

                                The Demuth American Dream No. 5 (Robert Indiana)

                                Man Woman (Allen Jones)

                                Enforcer (Larry Poons)

                                Modulation of Space (Eduardo Chillida)

                                Continuel-Mobile, Continuel Lumiere (Julio le Parc)

                                Light Dynamo (Heinz Mack)

                                Anabasis I (William Tucker)

                                Silent Spring (Carson)

                                America, America (Elia Kazan)

                                Bye Bye Birdie (George Sidney)

                                Cleopatra (Joseph L. Mankiewicz)

                                8 1/2 (Frederico Fellini)

                                The Great Escape (John Sturges)

                                Hud (Martin Ritt)

                                The Leopard (Luchino Visconti)

                                30 Years of Fun (Robert Youngson)

                                To Die in Madrid (Frederic Rossif)

                                Tom Jones (Tony Richardson)

                                Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (Vittorio de Sica)

                                George Wallace blocks entrance to two black students at the University of Alabama - forced to desist (6/11)

                                Civil Rights March - Washington D. C. - "I Have a Dream" speech by Martin Luther King (8/28)

                                S. Vietnamese Pres. Ngo Dinh Diem and his brother Nhu are executed by Duong Van Minh's bodyguard (11/1)

                                Duong Van Minh takes power in South Vietnam with US consent (11/6)

                                JFK assassinated (11/22)

                                Lee Harvey Oswald shot dead by Jack Ruby (11/24)

                                ------------------------------------------------------

                                France vetoes British application to enter the European Economic Community (Common Market)

                                Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - signed by Great Britain, Soviet Union, and the United States

                                Organization of African Unity (OAU) created from independent African states

                                South Vietnamese government overthrown by military coup

                                Increasing United States involvement in Vietnam

                                John F. Kennedy -                (United States)                                     President (assassinated)

                                Lyndon B. Johnson +          (United States)                                     President

                                John XXIII -

                                Paul VI +

                                Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space

                                Dartmouth Timesharing System implemented

                                (Dartmouth) BASIC programming language developed by John  George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth

                                PDP-6 launched  by DEC – 12 registers, 36 bit words

                                Phillips develops compact audio cassetette

                                Patsy Cline and other country musicians die in a plane crash returning to Tennessee (3/5)

                                Bob Dylan first performs at the 5th annual Newport Folk Festival 

                                Trois Peomes d'Henri Michaux                        Lutoslawski

                                Chamber Concerto for cello & 10 players     Wuorinen

                                Flute Variations I                                                                Wuorinen

                                Piano Variations                                                 Wuorinen

                                "Uptight"                                                              Stevie Wonder

                                "My Boyfriend's Back"                                       Angels

                                Alagna, Roberto                                                                   1963-                       Vocalist

                                May, Derrick                                                                         1963-                       Musician

                                Mutter, Anne Sophie                                                          1963-                       Violinist (Rheinfelden, Baden,Germany)

                                Braque, Georges                                                                   1882-1963               Painter

                                Cocteau, Jean                                                                       1889-1963               Artist

                                Constantinescu, Paul                                                          1909-1963               Musician

                                Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt                                 1868-1963               Writer/Editor (Great Barrington, MA)

                                Frost, Robert                                                                         1876-1963               Poet

                                Hindemith, Paul                                                                    1895-1963               Composer

                                Huxley, Aldous                                                                    1894-1963               Writer

                                James, Elmore                                                                       1918-1963               Musician

                                Lemba, Artur                                                                         1885-1963               Composer

                                Ozu, Yasujiro                                                                        1903-1963

                                Poulenc, Francis                                                                   1899-1963               Composer

                                Quebec, Ike                                                                           1918-1963               Musician

                                Karman, Thoedore von                                                       1881-1963

                                Washington, Dinah                                                             1924-1963               Singer

                                Williams, William Carlos                                                     1883-1963

1964                        Untitled (Carlos Merida)

                                Nimble Free Hand (Jean Dubuffet)

                                Le Bon Sens (Hans Bellmer)

                                Purple Shape in Blue (Patrick Heron)

                                Interior II (Richard Hamilton)

                                Secrets (Harold Cohen)

                                Campbell Soup (Andy Warhol)

                                White Field (Gunther Uecker)

                                The State Hospital (Edward Keinholz) (-1966)

                                Cubi XIX (David Smith)

                                Crash (Eduardo Paolozzi)

                                Collection (assemblage) (Fernandez Arman)

                                Women and Dog (Marisol Escobar)

                                And the Birds began to Sing (Philip King)

                                Becket (Peter Glenville)

                                Dr. Strangelove (Stanley Kubrick)

                                Fistful of Dollars (Sergio Leone)

                                Hard Days Night (Richard Lester)

                                John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums (Bruce Herscensohn)

                                Mary Poppins (Robert Stevenson)

                                Seance on a Wet Afternoon (Bryan Forbes)

                                A Shot in the Dark (Blake Edwards)

                                Topkaki (Jules Dassin)

                                The Train (John Frankenheimer)

                                World Without Sun (Jacques Cousteau)

                                Civil Rights Act - becomes law in the United States (7/2)

                                "The Cellular Revolution"

                                Nikita Krushchev falls from power in Soviet Union - succeeded by Aleksei Kosygin

                                Fighting between Greeks and Turks in Cyprus - UN troops sent to maintain peace

                                China conducts first nuclear test

                                Death of Nehru

                                War ("confrontation") between Indonesia and Malaysia (-1965)

                                United States involvement in Vietnam war increases - declares support for South against Communist Viet Cong

                                UC Berkeley student riots

                                Kinzua Dam is  built , flooding last Seneca lands in PA,NY

                                Nikita Krushchev -             (USSR)                                                  Premier

                                Aleksei Kosygin +              (USSR)                                                  Premier

                                Paul I -                                   (Greece)                                                                Son of Constantine I

                                Constantine II +                   (Greece)                                                                Son of Paul I

                                Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson in NJ discover Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) - supports Big Bang Theory

                                New Philharmonia Orchestra forms (England)

                                Montezuma                                                           Sessions

                                Questions on Nature                                           Miriam Gideon

                                Curlew River                                                        Britten

                                Philomel                                                                Babbitt

                                Ensembles for Synthesizer                                 Babbitt

                                Strategi                                                                 Xenakis

                                Requiem                                                                Ligeti

                                Love Supreme                                                       Coltrane

                                Der junge Lord                                                     Henze

                                Funny Girl

                                Hello Dolly!

                                Fiddler on the Roof

                                Bostridge, Ian                                                                       1964-                       Tenor (London, England) (12/25)

                                Krall, Diana                                                                           1964-                       Musician

                                Moody, Ivan                                                                         1964-                       Musician

                                Saunderson, Kevin                                                              1964-                       Musician

                                Aliotta, Antonio                                                                   1881-1964

                                Behan, Brendan                                                                    1923-1964

                                Carson, Rachel                                                                     1917-1964

                                Dolphy, Eric                                                                          1928-1964               Musician

                                Dyson, George                                                                     1883-1964               Composer

                                Franck, James                                                                       1882-1964

                                Hess, V. F.                                                                             1883-1964

                                Hoover, Herbert                                                                   1874-1964

                                Monteux, Pierre                                                                    1875-1964               Composer/Conductor

                                Morandi, Giorgio                                                                  1890-1964

                                O’Connor, Flannery                                                             1925-1964

                                Porter, Cole                                                                           1891-1964

                                Sillanpaa, Frans Eemil                                                          1888-1964

1965                        Renate series (Hoffman)

                                June, Red and Black (Terry Frost)

                                Things to Come (R. B. Kitaj) (1970)

                                Walking Dream with Four Foot Clamp (Jim Dine)

                                Drawing about Drawing (from "The Zoo") (Brett Whitely)

                                Girl in Doorway (George Segal)

                                Untitled (Donald Judd)

                                Big Ring (David annesley)

                                Aaing i gui aa (Barry Flanagan)

                                The Persecution and Assassination of Jean-Paul Marat (Marat-Sade) (Weiss)

                                The Painted Bird (Kosinski)

                                The Autobiography of Malcolm X

                                Alphaville (Jean Luc Godard)

                                Othello (Stuart Burge)

                                The Pawnbroker (Sidney Lumet)

                                Repulsion (Roman Polanski)

                                Ship of Fools (Stanley Kramer)

                                The Shop on Main Street (Jan Kadar)

                                Simon of the Desert (Luis Bunuel)

                                Sword of Doom (Kihachi Okamoto)

                                Allen Ginsburg reading at Royal Albert Hall in London (6/11)

                                Malcolm X is assassinated (2/21)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Winston Churchill dies

                                Great Britain abolishes death penalty for murder

                                Fighting breaks out in Cyprus

                                White government of Rhodesia under Ian Smith makes Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from GB

                                British economic pressure fails to halt crisis in Rhodesia

                                India and Pakistan go to war over Kashmir - UN calls for ceasefire

                                US involvement in Vietnam "escalates"

                                United States undertakes regular bombing raids on North Vietnam

                                First American marines land in South Vietnam

                                Attempted Communist coup in Indonesia - resulting in military control under Suharto

                                Australia-New Zealand free trade agreement

                                Cook Islands are self-governing

                                Civil Rights march in Alabama

                                US under Lyndon Johnson sends marines to Dominican Republic

                                US Education Act - provides first comprehensive federal aid to education

                                Watts District riots in Los Angeles, CA

                                First Pan-American assembly on Population meets in Colombia

                                Gemini space vehicles

                                First performance of Ives' Fourth Symphony

                                Beatles perform twelve song set at sold out Shea Stadium show in NYC - grossed $304,000 (8/15)

                                Newport Folk Festival - Bob Dylan performs 15 minute electric set which causes much resentment

                                Phillips begins marketing audiocassette in Hanover, Germany

                                St. Luke Passion                                                  Penderecki

                                Coltrane, Ravi                                                                       1965-                       Musician

                                Cosandey, David                                                                 1965-

                                Dessay, Natalie                                                                    1965-                       Classical Vocalist

                                Gheorghiu, Angela                                                              1965-                      

                                Hirst, Damien                                                                        1965-                       Painter

                                Rhoades, Jason                                                                    1965-

                                Appleton, Edward Victor                                                    1892-1965

                                Avery, Milton                                                                       1885-1965

                                Buber, Martin                                                                       1878-1965

                                Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer                               1874-1965

                                Cowell, Henry                                                                       1897-1965               Composer

                                Eliot, Thomas Stearns                                                         1888-1965

                                Jackson, Shirley                                                                   1919-1965

                                Perkins, Frances                                                                   1882-1965

                                Sheeler, Charles                                                                    1883-1965

                                Smith, David                                                                         1906-1965               Sculptor (Decatur, Indiana)

                                Staudinger, Hermann                                                           1881-1965

                                Varese, Edgar                                                                        1883-1965

                                Williams, Clarence                                                               1898-1965               Musician

                                Williamson, Sonny Boy                                                      1899-1965               Musician

1966                        Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red (Ellsworth Kelly)

                                Circular Chromatic Spaces (Gregorio Vardanega) (-1968)

                                The Garden (Robyn Denny) (-1967)

                                Green, with Two Reds and Violet (John Hoyland)

                                Compound Rhythms (Mary Martin)

                                16 Balls, 16 Cubes on 7 Shelves (Pol Bury)

                                Untitled (Robert Morris)

                                The Homecoming (Harold Pinter) play

                                Andrei Rublev                                                     Andrei Tartovsky

                                Battle of Algiers                                                  Gillo Pontecorvo

                                Fist in His Pocket                                               Marco Bellochio

                                The Gospel According to St. Matthew           Pier Paolo Pasolini

                                A Man for All Seasons                                       Fred Zinnemann

                                Marat/Sade                                                          Peter Brook

                                Morgan!                                                               Karel Reisz

                                Botswana gains full independence (former Bechaunaland) (9/30)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                Coup in Nigeria - Belewa killed

                                Coup in Ghana - fall of Nkrumah

                                South African Prime Minister Dr. Verwoerd assassinated - succeeded by John Vorster

                                Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith rejects British proposals for settlement

                                United Nations instructs members to impose economic sanctions on Rhodesia - S. Africa and Portugal refuse

                                Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution in China - Red Guards form (-1968)

                                Purge of Liu Shao-chi in China

                                Opening of Asian Development Bank

                                ASPAC (Asian and Pacific Council) founded

                                War between Indonesia and Malaysia ends

                                Dr. Verwoerd -                     (South Africa)                                      Prime Minister

                                John Vorster +                    (South Africa)                                      Prime Minister

                                PDP-10 released

                                Bob Dylan crashes on his motorcycle (7/29)

                                The Owl and the Pussy Cat                               Igor Stravinsky

                                Piano Concerto                                                   Elliot Carter

                                The Burning Fiery Furnace                              Benjamin Britten

                                The Visitation                                                      Gunther Schuller

                                Unit Structures                                                    Cecil Taylor

                                St. Luke Passion                                                  Penderecki

                                Tutschku, Hans                                                                    1966-

                                Akhmatova, Anna                                                               1889-1966

                                Arp, Jean                                                                               1886-1966

                                Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan                                          1881-1966

                                Craig, Edward Gordon                                                         1872-1966               Theatre (England)

                                Debey, Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus                                 1884-1966

                                Disney, Walt                                                                         1901-1966               Cartoonist

                                Fabry, Emile                                                                          1865-1966

                                Foerster, Friedrich Wilhelm                                                1869-1966

                                Forester, C. S.                                                                       1899-1966

                                Giacometti, Alberto                                                              1901-1966               Painter/Sculptor

                                Hoffman, Hans                                                                     1880-1966

                                Hurt, Mississippi John                                                        1892-1966               Musician

                                O’Hara, Frank                                                                       1926-1966

                                Porter, Quincy                                                                      1897-1966               Musician

                                Powell, Bud                                                                           1924-1966               Musician

                                St. Cyr, Johnny                                                                     1890-1966               Musician

                                Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro                                                        1870-1966

                                Taylor, Joseph Deems                                                         1885-1966               Composer

                                Zernike, Fritz                                                                         1888-1966

1967                        Tuscan Relief (Ben Nicholson)

                                The Visit (Jean-Paul Lemieux)

                                Chromatic Spirals (Martha Boto)

                                Kinetic object with 145 white stripes in black (Gerhard von Graevenitz)

                                Belle de Joure                                      (Luis Bunuel)

                                Bonnie and Clyde                               (Arthur Penn)

                                The Graduate                                       (Mike Nichols)

                                I Am Curious - Yellow                        (Vilgot Sjoman)

                                In Cold Blood                                      (Richard Brooks)

                                In The Heat of the Night                   (Norman Jewison)

                                Play Time                                             (Jacques Tati)

                                The President's Analyst                     (Theodore J. Flicker)

                                Military coup in Greece - Constantine II of Greece in exile(4)

                                Martin Luther King's "Beyond Vietnam” speech at the Riverside Church (4/4)

                                Six Day War begins- between Arabs and Israel (6/5)

                                Six Day War ends- between Arabs and Israel (6/10)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                Civil war in Nigeria - Biafra region breaks away from Nigerian Federation (-1970)

                                Israel occupies Sinai Desert, Jerusalem, and West Bank of Jordan River - UN arranges ceasefire

                                ASEAN founded (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

                                Second British application to enter Common Market vetoed by France

                                British pound is devalued

                                Quasi-Stellar Objects (G. and M. Burbidge) (quasars)

                                The Mind of the Dolphin (J. C. Lilly)

                                Length of on second determinable within limit of error of 1-2 parts in 10^10

                                1st Montreaux Jazz Festival

                                First Rolling Stone issue, John Lennon on cover

                                Inscape                                                                  Copland

                                Bomarzo                                                                 Ginastera

                                Symphony No. 8                                                  Persichetti

                                Hymnen                                                                 Stockhausen

                                Dies irae                                                                 Penderecki

                                String Trio                                                             Wuorinen (-1968)

                                Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band           The Beatles

                                Barney, Matthew                                                                 1967-                       Visual Artist

                                Bell, Joshua                                                                           1967-                       Violinist (Bloomington, IN)

                                Cobain, Kurt                                                                         1967-1994               Musician (Aberdeen, WA)

                                Connick Jr., Harry                                                                1967-                       Musician

                                Allen, Red                                                                             1906-1967               (1908)

                                Burchfield, Charles                                                              1893-1967

                                Cockcroft, John D.                                                               1897-1967

                                Coltrane, John                                                                      1926-1967               Musician

                                Cox, Ida                                                                                  1896-1967

                                Dix, Otto                                                                                1891-1967

                                Guthrie, Woody                                                                   1912-1967               Musician

                                Hopper, Edward                                                                   1882-1967

                                Johnson, Pete                                                                       1904-1967               Musician

                                Kodaly, Zoltan                                                                     1882-1967               Composer

                                Lenoir, J.B.                                                                            1929-1967               Musician

                                Magritte, Rene                                                                      1898-1967               Painter

                                Maurois, Andre                                                                    1885-1967

                                McCullers, Carson                                                               1917-1967

                                Nighthawk, Robert                                                               1909-1967               Musician

                                Oppenheimer, Robert                                                          1904-1967               Physicist

                                Parker, Dorothy                                                                    1893-1967

                                Presti, Ida                                                                              1924-1967               Musician

                                Redding, Otis                                                                        1941-1967               Musician

                                Rosa, Joao Guimaraes                                                         1880-1967

                                Weinberger, Jaromir                                                            1896-1967               Composer

1968                        Ond (Victor Vasarely)

                                Nineteen Greys (Bridget Riley)

                                Random Illision No. 4 (Peter Phillips)

                                Lesson I (John Walker)

                                Double Surface with Six Angles (Max Bill)

                                I Am Curious - Blue                                           Vilgot Sjoman

                                If...                                                                          Lindsay Anderson

                                Les Biches                                                            Claude Chabrol

                                Lion in Winter                                                     Anthony Harvey

                                Petulia                                                                   Richard Lester

                                Planet of the Apes                                               Franklin J. Schaffner

                                Rosemary's Baby                                                Roman Polanski

                                Shame                                                                    Ingmar Bergman

                                Stolen Kisses                                                        Francois Truffaut

                                2001: A Space Odyssey                                      Stanley Kubrick

                                War and Peace                                                    Sergie Bondarchuk

                                Yellow Submarine                                               George Dunning

                                Tet Offensive - Vietcong launch major offensive in South Vietnam (1/30)

                                Martin Luther King assassinated (4/4)

                                Robert Kennedy assassinated (6/5)

                                Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty opened for signature (7/1)

                                -------------------------------------------------------------

                                Crisis in Northern Ireland begins - civil rights riots

                                Student demonstrations in Paris lead to clashes with police (5)

                                Universities and factories taken over by workers and students in France

                                Soviet troops invade Czechoslovakia to crush liberalism of Czechoslovakian secretary Alexander Dubcek

                                Warsaw pact countries occupy Czechoslovakia

                                Southern Yemen gains independence

                                US stops bombing North Vietnam

                                Start of Paris negotiations on Vietnam

                                VX plant shut down in Dungway, UT 

                                INTEL founded by Gordon Moore & Robert Noyce -  first known as NM for a year (7)

                                Prometheus                                                           Carl Orff

                                The Prodigal Son                                                 Benjamin Britten

                                Sinfonia                                                                 Luciano Berio

                                Flute Variations II                                              Charles Wuorinen

                                George M!

                                Joseph & the Amazing Technicolor Dream.  Webber & Rice

                                Harkavgy, Oleh                                                                    1968-

                                Patton, Mike                                                                         1968-                       Musician

                                Barth, Karl                                                                             1886-1968

                                Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Mario                                            1895-1968               Composer

                                Dongen, Kees van                                                               1877-1968

                                Dreyer, Carl Theodor                                                           1889-1968

                                Duchamp, Marcel                                                                 1887-1968               Artist

                                Jacobs, Marion “Little Walter”                                          1930-1968               Musician

                                John, Little Willie                                                                 1937-1968               Musician

                                Keller, Helen                                                                         1880-1968

                                King, Martin Luther                                                             1929-1968

                                Landau, L. D.                                                                        1908-1968

                                Quasimodo, Salvadore                                                        1901-1968

                                Read, Herbert                                                                        1893-1968

                                Roberts, Luckey                                                                   1887-1968

                                Saint Denis, Ruth                                                                 1878-1968

                                Steinbeck, John                                                                    1902-1968               Writer

1969                        Vega-Nor (Victor Vasarely)

                                Queen Elizabeth II (Pietro Annigoni)

                                Zebra House (Otto Wunderlich)

                                Pottery (Patrick Caulfield)

                                Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (George Roy)

                                Medium Cool (Haskell Wexler)

                                Midnight Cowboy (John Schlesinger)

                                The Wild Bunch (Sam Peckinpah)

                                Richard Nixon is sworn in as 37th US President (1/20) Mo

                                Operation Menu – US B-52 secret bombing campaign begins in Cambodia (3/18)

                                De Gaulle quits office as President of France (4/28)

                                Moon Landing Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin land on the Moon (7/20)

                                Nixon’s Guam Doctrine (Nixon Doctrine) (7/25)

                                Momar Qaddafi leads military coup - deposing absent King Idris - Lybian Arab Republic proclaimed (9/1)

                                Ho Chi Minh dies in North Vietnam (9/2)

                                SALT I talks begin (11) -(1972)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Great Britain sends troops to Northern Ireland

                                Sino-Soviet border conflict

                                US agreement with Sato government on the return of Okinawa to Japan

                                Growth of Japan's GNP makes it the third largest economy in the world

                                Charles de Gaulle -               (France)                                                 President (resigns)

                                Pompidou +                           (France)                                                 President

                                UNIX is introduced

                                Woodstock Festival - "Three Days of Peace and Love" (8/16)

                                Concerto for Orchestra                                      Carter

                                Stimmung                                                              Stockhausen

                                Ringing Changes for Percussion Ensemble   Wuorinen (-1970)

                                Grimaud, Helene                                                                   1969-                       Classical Pianist

                                Ice Cube (O’Shea Jackson)                                                1969-                       Musician

                                Torvalds, Linus Benedict                                                   1969-

                                Adorno, Theodor                                                                 1903-1969

                                Barbarin, Paul                                                                       1898-1969               Composer

                                Hawkins, Coleman                                                               1904-1969               Musician

                                James, Skip                                                                            1902-1969

                                Jaspers, Karl                                                                         1883-1969

                                Kerouac, Jack                                                                       1922-1969               Writer (10/21)

                                Kosma, Joseph                                                                     1905-1969

                                Mies Van der Rohe, Ludwig                                               1886-1969

                                Powell, C. F.                                                                          1903-1969

                                Stern, Otto                                                                             1888-1969

1970                        A Boat and Foliage in five Channels (Ivon Hitchens)

                                Colourcycle 3 (Peter Sedgeley)

                                Mr. and Mrs Clark and Percy (David Hockney) (-1971)

                                Horse and Rider (Elizabeth Frink)

                                Future Shock (AlvinToffler)

                                The Greening of America (Charles A. Reich)

                                Five Easy Pieces (Fred Zinnemann)

                                4 Clowns (Robert Youngson)

                                Gimme Shelter (David Maysles)

                                Little Big Man (Arthur Penn)

                                M*A*S*H* (Robert Altman)

                                Patton (Franklin Schaffner)

                                The Sorrow and the Pity (Marcel Ophuls)

                                Three Sisters (Lawrence Olivier)

                                Woodstock (Michael Wadleigh)

                                Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty enters into force (3/5)

                                Richard Nixon announces US bombing of Cambodia in border areas during a 20 minute speech to the nation(4/30)

                                Kent State Shootings – four students shot and killed by National Guardsmen in Ohio in opposition to Vietnam policy (5/4)

                                Son Tay Raid – ostensibly to rescue American POWs (11/20-1)

                                ------------------------------------------------------------

                                Issue of Britain's adherence to the EEC Common Market

                                Biafra surrenders - Nigerian civil war ends

                                Civil war in Jordan between government troops and Palestinian guerillas

                                Overthrow of Sihanouk in Cambodia

                                Fiji becomes Dominion within British Commonwealth

                                Problems of the American and world economies

                                Salvador Allende elected president of Chile

                                Salvador Allende +              (Chile)                                                    President

                                The Isle of Wight Pop Festival is held in England with Jimi Hendrix, the Doors, the Who, Joni Mitchell, (8/30)

                                The Knot Garden                                                 Tippett

                                String Quartet No. 3                                           Carter

                                Ancient Voices of Children                               Crumb

                                Jesus Christ Superstar                                      Webber & Rice   

                                Company              

                                Andsnes, Leif Ove                                                               1970-                       Pianist (Norway)

                                DMX (Earl Simmons)                                                           1970-                       Musician

                                Eggers, Dave                                                                         1970-                       Writer

                                Jay-Z (Shawn Carter)                                                           1970-                       Musician

                                Master P (Percy Miller)                                                       1970-                       Musician

                                Miller, Paul D.   (dJ SPOOKY)                                            1970-                       Musician

                                Smith, Andrew                                                                      1970-                       Composer

                                Agnon, Shmuel Yosef                                                         1888-1970

                                Born, Max                                                                              1882-1970

                                Bradford, Perry “Mule”                                                       1893-1970               Musician

                                Carnap, Rudolf                                                                     1891-1970

                                Celan, Paul                                                                            1920-1970

                                Eller, Heino                                                                            1887-1970               Composer

                                Forster, Edward Morgan                                                     1879-1970

                                Hendrix, Jimmy                                                                     1942-1970               Musician

                                Hesse, Eva                                                                            1936-1970

                                Hodges, Johnny                                                                   1907-1970               Musician

                                Hooker, Earl                                                                          1930-1970               Musician

                                Johnson, Lonnie                                                                  1894-1970               Musician

                                Mauriac, Francois                                                                1885-1970

                                Mishima, Yukio                                                                    1925-1970

                                Raman, Chandrasekhara V.                                                 1888-1970

                                Remarque, Erich Maria                                                        1898-1970

                                Rothko, Mark                                                                        1903-1970               Painter

                                Russell, Bertrand Arthur William                                      1872-1970               Philosopher

                                Sachs, Nelly                                                                          1891-1970

                                Spann, Otis                                                                           1930-1970               Musician

                                Zimmerman, Bernd Alois                                                    1918-1970               Musician

1971                        Moods (Yaacov Agam)

                                Bananas (Woody Allen)

                                The French Connection (William Friedkin)

                                The Garden of Finzi-Continis (Vittorio de Sica)

                                The Last Picture Show (Peter Bogdanovich)

                                South Vietnam invades Laos – with US support (1)

                                Gen. Idi Amin deposes President Obote in coup - Obote flees to Tanzania (1/25)

                                Pentagon Papers released – first published in part by The New York Times eventually by 19 other newspapers (6/13) Su

                                Attorney General Mitchell seeks injunction stopping the New York Times from publishing Pentagon Papers (6/15) Tu

                                Chicago Sun-Times releases part of Pentagon Papers dealing with the ’64 assassination of  GVN President Diem (6/22) Mo

                                Ellsberg indicted for leaking Pentagon Papers (6/29) Mo

                                Surpeme Court lifts injunction against the New York Times and the Post for Pentagon Papers (6/30) Tu

                                Nixon ends the convertability of dollars to gold (8/15)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                East Pakistan becomes independent as Bangladesh after civil war and intervention by India

                                China joins the United Nations - Taiwan expelled

                                First Era of Microcomputers (-1976)

                                CTC’s Datapoint 2200 arguably the first microcomputer begins shipping

                                Intel publicly releases first microprocessor – 4004   (11/15) 16pin DIP

                                International Josquin Congress in New York

                                Concerto for Amplified Violin & Orchestra   Wuorinen (-1972)

                                Grand Bamboula                                                 Wuorinen

                                Chartier, Richard                                                                  1971-

                                Hersch, Michael                                                                   1971-                       Musician

                                James, Richard                                                                      1971-                       Musician

                                Midori                                                                                    1971-                       Violinist

                                TuPac                                                                                     1971-1996               Musician

                                Armstrong, Lil Hardin                                                         1898-1971               Singer

                                Armstrong, Louis                                                                 1900-1971               Musician

                                Bragg, William L.                                                                  1890-1971

                                Broad, Charles Dunbar                                                        1887-1971

                                Edwards, Cliff “Ukelele Ike”                                               1895-1971               Musician

                                Hausmann, Raoul                                                                 1886-1971

                                Jones, Curtis                                                                         1906-1971

                                Levy, Paul                                                                             1886-1971

                                Lewis, Ted                                                                             1890-1971               Musician

                                Lukacs, Gyorgy                                                                    1885-1971

                                Morrison, Jim                                                                        1943-1971               Musician

                                Rawsthorne, Alan                                                                1905-1971               Musician

                                Seferis, Giorgos (Seferiadis)                                               1900-1971

                                Shavers, Charlie                                                                   1917-1971

                                Stravinski, Igor                                                                     1882-1971

                                Tamm, Igor Y.                                                                       1895-1971

                                Welch, Lew                                                                           1926-1971

1972                        Hugh Lane (R. B. Kitaj)

                                Deliverance (John Boorman)

                                Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie (Luis Bunuel)

                                Sleuth (Joseph L Mankiewicz)

                                Sounder  (Martin Ritt)

                                Tout va bien (Jean-Luc Godard)

                                Pioneer 10 launched – first spacecraft to move through asteroid belt (3/3)

                                Nguyen Hue Offensive – North Vietnamese Army launches large scale attacks in South Vietnam w/ 150,000 troops (3/30)

Mining of Haiphong Harbour outside Hanoi announced (5/8)

George Wallace shot (5/15)

                                International Monetary Market forms (5/16)

                                Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) signed by Nixon and Brezhnev (5/26)

                                Watergate arrests (6/17)

                                Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) passes (10/6)

                                HBO first movie broadcast Sometimes a Great Notion (11/8)

                                Apollo 17 -last men to walk on moon (12/7-12/19)

                                Christmas bombings of North Vietnam (12/18-30)

                                ----------------------------------------------------------

                                Great Britain takes over direct rule of Northern Ireland

                                Ceylon becomes a republic as Sri Lanka

                                Black September terrorist killings at Munich Olympics

                                Nike shoes begin

                                Addis Ababa Agreement - ends First Sudanese Civil War (Anyanya War)

                                DDT banned for use in US

                                Frederik IX -                        (Denmark)

                                 Margrethe II +                    (Denmark)

                                C programming languauage developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs for the Unix OS

                                Intel introduces the Intel 8008 – first 8-bit microprocessor – 18 pin memory package

                                Intel releases on of the earliest microcomputers

                                National Philharmonic Orchestra forms

                                Complete Works of Scott Joplin published in New York

                                Speculum Speculi                                                                Wuorinen

                                “Heart of Gold”                                                    Neil Young

                                B.I.G                                                                                       1972-1996               Musician

                                Kibler, Jason         (DJ Logic)                                              1972-

                                Johnson, Dwayne Douglas (The Rock)                           1972-                       Actor/Wrestler (Hayward, CA)

                                Mathers, Marshall                                                               1972-                       Musician

                                Robinson, Emily                                                                   1972-                       Musician (Pittsfield, MA)

                                Villazon, Rolando                                                                 1972-                       Opera Tenor

                                Wright, Erica (Erika Badu)                                                  1972-                       Singer (Dallas, TX)

                                Apostel, Hans Erich                                                            1901-1972               Composer

                                Berryman, John                                                                    1914-1972

                                Brian, Havergal                                                                     1876-1972               Composer

                                Chagrin, Francis                                                                   1905-1972               Composer (Romania)

                                Dieterle, William                                                                   1893-1972

                                Escher, M. C.                                                                        1898-1972               Visual artist

                                Friml, Rudolf                                                                         1879-1972

                                Grofe, Ferde Ferdinand Rudolph von                               1892-1972               Composer

                                Jackson, Mahalia                                                                 1911-1972               Singer

                                Johnson, Bill                                                                         1872-1972               Musician

                                Kawabata, Yasunari                                                             1899-1972

                                Mayer, Maria Goeppert                                                       1906-1972

                                Morgan, Lee                                                                         1938-1972               Trumpeter

                                Patchen, Kenneth                                                                 1911-1972

                                Pound, Ezra Loomis                                                             1884-1972

                                Rushing, Jimmy                                                                    1902-1972

                                Truman, Harold S.                                                                1884-1972               President

                                Wild, John                                                                             1902-1972

                                Wolpe, Stefan                                                                       1902-1972

1973                        The Gulag Archipelago (Solzhenitzyn)

                                Mean Streets (Martin Scorcese)

                                O Lucky Man! (Lindsay Anderson)

                                The Paper Chase (James Bridges)

                                Paper Moon (Peter Bogdanovich)

                                Scenes from a Marriage (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Ten from your Show of Shows (Max Liebman)

                                The Day of the Jackal (Fred Zinneman)

                                Paris Peace Accords – unilateral withdrawal of US ground troops in exchange for American POWs (1/27)

                                AIM Wounded Knee occupation begins - lasts seventy days (2)

                                All US troops are withdrawn from Vietnam (3/29)

                                October War - Arab states attack Israel - cease-fire imposed after five weeks of fighting

                             ---------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark join EEC

                                Arab oil-producing nations restrict oil supplies after October War - resulting in world economic crisis

                                Military coup in Chile overthrows Marxist president, Salvador Allende

                                “Tokyo Round” (-1979)

                                Gustavus VI Adolf -             (Sweden)                                                House of Bernadotte

                                Carl XVI Gustaf +               (Sweden)                                                House of Bernadotte

                                Constantine II -                    (Greece)                                                                Son of Paul I

                                Xerox Alto  introduced – early personal computer – first with desktop “metaphor” and GUI

                                Opening of Sydney Opera House

                                Academy of Ancient Music forms

                                Kronos Quartet forms

                                Cologne Musica Antiqua forms

                                Polytope de Cluny                                              Xenakis

                                Arabia Felix                                                         Wuorinen

                                Kozena, Magdalena                                                             1973-                       Classical Vocalist

                                Watson, Russell                                                                   1973-                       Classical Vocalist

                                Abbot, Charles Greeley                                                       1872-1973               Astrophysicist (Wilton, N.H. - US)

                                Aiken, Conrad                                                                      1889-1973

                                Allegret, Marc                                                                      1900-1973

                                Auden, Wystan Hugh                                                        1907-1973               Poet (York, England)

                                Buck, Pearl (Walsh, nee Sydenstricker)                           1892-1973

                                Cornell, Joseph                                                                     1903-1973

                                Ford, John                                                                             1895-1973               Director

                                Frankel, Benjamin                                                                 1906-1973               Musician

                                Jensen, J. Hans D.                                                                1907-1973

                                Johnson, Lyndon B.                                                            1908-1973               President

                                Krupa, Gene                                                                          1909-1973               Musician

                                Negrea, Martian                                                                   1893-1973               Musician

                                Malipiero, Gian Francesco                                                  1882-1973               Composer

                                Marcel, Gabriel                                                                     1889-1973

                                Maritain, Jacques                                                                 1882-1973

                                Minnie, Memphis                                                                 1897-1973               Singer

                                Monroe, Vaughan                                                                1911-1973               Musician

                                Neruda, Pablo (Neftali Ricardo Reyes B)                         1904-1973

                                Ory, Edward (Kid)                                                                1886-1973               Musician

                                Panova, Vera Fedorovna                                                    1905-1973

                                Picasso, Pablo                                                                      1881-1973               Painter

                                Red, Speckled                                                                       1892-1973               Musician

                                Smith, Willie the Lion                                                          1897-1973               Musician

                                Tolkien, John Ronald Reuel                                               1892-1973               Novelist

                                Watt, Robert Alexander Watson                                       1892-1973

                                Webster, Ben                                                                        1909-1973               Musician

                                Wiegmann, Marie                                                                1886-1973

1974                        USSR deports Aleksandr Solzenitsyn

                                Butley (Harold Pinter)

                                Chinatown (Roman Polansky)

                                The Conversation (Francis Ford Coppola)

                                The Godfather, Pt II (Francis Ford Coppola)

                                Lacombe, Lucien (Louis Malle)

                                Lenny (Bob Fosse)

                                That's Entertainment! (Jack Haley Jr.)

                                Vincent, Francois, Paul and the Others (Claude Sautet)

                                Patty Hearst kidnapped (2/4)

                                Boldt Decision - interprets Medicine Hat Treaty of 1854 as giving treaty tribes 50% of salmon harvest (2/14)

                                Nixon resigns and leaves the White House  in wake of Watergate scandal - Gerald Ford succeeds (8/9)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Military coup in Portugal ends dictatorship of President Caetano

                                Greek-Turkish conflict in Cyprus - Greek military junta resigns - Turks occupy Nicosia

                                Former Portuguese colonies Guinea-Bisseau, Angola, and Mozambique gain independence

                                Richard Nixon -                   (United States)                                     President (resigned)

                                Gerald Ford +                       (United States)                                     President

                                Intel releases 8080 40 pin DIL (dual in-line) chip

                                Arnold Scheonberg Institute established

                                Schoenberg and Ives centennial celebrations

                                Hilliard Ensemble forms

                                The Corn is Green

                                Vengerov, Maxim                                                                 1974-                       Violinist

                                Asturias, Miguel Angel                                                      1899-1974

                                Atterberg, Kurt                                                                     1887-1974               Composer

                                Blackett, P. M. S.                                                                  1897-1974

                                Chadwick, James                                                                  1891-1974

                                De Sica, Vittoria                                                                    1902-1974               Director

                                Ellington, Edward Kennedy (Duke)                                  1899-1974               Composer

                                Kahn, Louis                                                                          1901-1974

                                Lagerkvist, Par Fabian                                                         1891-1974

                                Milhaud, Darius                                                                   1892-1974

                                Partch, Harry                                                                         1901-1974               Composer

                                Wellesz, Egon Joseph                                                         1884-1974               Composer (Austria)

1975                        Bite the Bullet (Richard Brooks)

                                Day of the Locust (John Schlesinger)

                                Every Man for Himself and God against All (Werner Herzog)

                                Fox and His Friends (Rainer Werner Fassbinder)

                                Jaws (Steven Spielberg)

                                Nashville (Robert Altman)

                                One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (Milos Forman)

                                Saigon Airlift (4/29)

                                Blue Ribbon panel (6/10)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                International Women's Year

                                Lebanese Civil War begins (-1990)

                                Franco dies - Juan Carlos King of Spain

                                Suez Canal reopens

                                Communist victories in Cambodia

                                South Vietman surrenders to North Vietnam - Vietnam War ends

                                Wounded Knee II (AIM)

                                Franco -                 (Spain)                                                   Dictator

                                Juan Carlos +                      (Spain)                                                   King (House of Bourbon)

                                MITS Altair 8800 released (2)

                                Semyon Bychkov, conductor, leaves Leningrad at the age of 23

                                Symphony of Three Orchestras                         Carter

                                Chorus Line

                                Chicago

                                Smith, Zadie                                                                          1975-                       Writer

                                White, Zack                                                                          1975-                       Musician

                                Andric, Ivo                                                                            1892-1975

                                Benton, Thomas Hart                                                          1889-1975

                                Bliss, Arthur Edward Drummond                                      1891-1975               Composer

                                Chiarini, Luigi                                                                       1900-1975

                                Dallapiccola, Luigi                                                               1904-1975               Composer

                                Hepworth, Barabara                                                             1903-1975

                                Herrmann, Bernard                                                               1911-1975               Composer

                                Hertz, Gustav                                                                        1887-1975

                                Pasolini, Pier Paolo                                                              1922-1975

                                Perse, Saint-John (Alexis Leger)                                       1887-1975

                                Porter, Fairfield                                                                     1907-1975               Painter

                                Reed, Jimmy                                                                          1925-1976               Musician

                                Rhadhakrishnan, Sarvapalli                                                1888-1975

                                Shostakovich, Dmitri                                                           1906-1975               Composer

                                Singleton, Arthur “Zutty”                                                  1898-1975

                                Taylor, Hound Dog                                                             1917-1975               Musician

                                Thompson, George P.                                                          1892-1975

                                Toynbee, Arnold Joseph                                                    1889-1975               Historian

1976                        All the President's Men (Alan J. Pakula)

                                Bad News Bears (Michael Ritchie)

                                The Front (Martin Ritt)

                                The Innocent (Luchino Visconti)

                                Network (Sidney Lumet)

                                Seven Beauties (Lina Wertmuller)

                                Small Change (Francois Truffaut)

                                CN Tower officially opens (6/26)

                                Tangshan Earthquake in Hebei Province kills 240,000+ people (7.8 Richter) (7/18)

                                Viking I lands on Mars (7/20)

                                Viking II sets down on Mars Utopia Plains (9/3)

                                Mao Tse-tung dies (9/9)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Earthquake in Guatemala kills an estimated 23,000 people

                                Idi Amin Dada becomes "President for Life" in Uganda

                                Race riots erupt in South Africa

                                Rhodesian whites accept Kissinger plan for black majority rule - later rejected by blacks

                                Papua-New Guinea gains independence from Australia

                                U.S. Bicentennial celebrations

                                Death Penalty reinstated in US

                                Microsoft trade name registered by Paul Allen and Bill Gates in Albequerqe

                                “Open Letter to Hobbyists” – Bill Gates lashes out at software piracy of his Altair BASIC (1)

                                Steve Wozniak brings his Apple II prototype to Homebrew Club meeting (12)

                                Development begins on Intel 8086 chip

                                Centenary of Bayreuth Festival

                                Music for 18 Musicians                                     Reich (3)

                                Capucon, Renaud                                                                1976-                       Violinist

                                Aalto, Alvar                                                                          1898-1976

                                Britten, Benjamin                                                                  1913-1976               Composer

                                Christie, Agatha                                                                   1891-1976

                                Cobb, Lee J.                                                                          1911-1976               Actor

                                Ernst, Max                                                                             1891-1976

                                Head, Michael                                                                      1900-1976               Musician

                                Heidegger, Martin                                                                1889-1976               Philosopher

                                Heisenberg, Werner Karl                                                    1901-1976               Physicist

                                Johnson, Eyvind                                                                  1900-1976

                                King, Freddy                                                                         1934-1976

                                Malraux, Andre                                                                    1901-1976

                                Man Ray                                                                                1890-1976

                                Mercer, Johnny                                                                    1909-1976               Musician

                                Onsanger, Lars                                                                     1903-1976

                                Piston, Walter Hamor                                                          1894-1976               Composer

                                Robeson, Paul                                                                      1898-1976               Singer

                                Ryle, Gilbert                                                                          1900-1976

                                Visconti, Luchino                                                 1906-1976

                                Williams, James Clifton                                                       1923-1976               Musician

                                Mao-Tse Tung                                                                     1893-1976

1977                        Annie Hall (Woodie Allen)

                                Close Encounters of the Third Kind (Steven Spielberg)

                                Julia (Fred Zinnemann)

                                Man of Marble (Andrzej Wajda)

                                Roots (Haley) TV

                                Voyager II launched (8)

                                Voyager 1 launched – farthest man made object currently from Earth 113.73 AU as of 8/22/2010 (9/5)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Tomb of Philip II of Macedon discovered

                                Orient Express makes last run between Paris and Istanbul

                                President Sadat of Egypt goes to Israel on a peace mission

                                Prime Minister Begin returns a visit to Egypt - negotiations on peace terms start

                                Atrocities in Uganda under Amin regime

                                Panama Canal Treaty signed

                                Blackouts in New York City

                                Gerald Ford -                        (United States)                                     President

                                Jimmy Carter +                   (United States)                                     President

                                Detection of rings around Uranus

                                HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION – Second Era of Microcomputers begins – BASIC

                                PUNK REVOLUTION

                                Centre National d'Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou opens

                                Pierre Boulez founds Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique/Musique in Paris  (IRCAM)

                                Elvis dies (8/16)

                                Symphony of Three Orchestras                         Carter

                                Addinsell, Richard                                                               1904-1977               Composer

                                Crosby, Bing                                                                         1903-1977               Singer

                                Desmond, Paul                                                                     1924-1977               Musician

                                Garner, Erroll                                                                         1921-1977               Musician

                                Hawks, Howard                                                                    1896-1977               Director

                                Kirk, Rashaan Roland                                                          1936-1977               Musician

                                Presley, Elvis Aron                                                              1935-1977               Singer

                                Nabakov, Vladimir                                                                1899-1977               Writer

                                Rossellini, Roberto                                                              1906-1977               Director

                                Stokowski, Leopold Antoni                                               1882-1977               Conductor

                                Tcherepnin, Alexander                                                        1899-1977               Composer

1978                        Capricorn One (Peter Hyams)

                                The Deer Hunter (Michael Cimino)

                                Last Waltz (Martin Scorcese)

                                Tree of Wooden Clogs (Ermanno Olmi)

                                East Wing of the National Gallery opens (Washington DC)

                                Jonestown Massacre in Guyana - mass suicide of 913 followers of Jim Jones (11/18)

                                ---------------------------------------------------------

                                UN force sent to Lebanon because of border troubles with Israel

                                Idi Amin holds military exercises close to Tanzanian border - angering President Julius Nyere

                                United States agrees to diplomatic relations with China and ends those with Taiwan

                                Vietnamese troops invade Cambodia to support the rebels

                                Paul VI -

                                John Paul I +-

                                John Paul II +  10/16                                                                            (-2005)

                                Pluto's moon Charon discovered

                                First test-tube baby

                                Intel 8086 processor released – 16 bit extension – begins the x86 Era

                                Sex Pistols U.S. Tour through the South ends in San Francisco, Winterland Ballroom – they break up  (1/5-??)

                                Violin Concerto                                                   Druckman

                                Paradise Lost                                                       Penderecki

                                Chavez, Carlos                                                                      1899-1978               Composer

                                Chirico, Giorgio de                                                               1888-1978               Painter

                                Eames, Charles                                                                     1907-1978

                                Hauser, Arnold                                                                     1892-1978

                                Hoar, Thomas Percy                                                            1907-1978

                                Khachaturian, Aram Il’yich                                                1903-1978               Composer

                                Siegbahn, K. M. G.                                                               1886-1978

                                Still, William Grant                                                               1895-1978               Composer

1979                        Best Boy (Ira Wohl)

                                The China Syndrome (James Bridges)

                                Kramer vs. Kramer (Robert Benton)

                                The Tin Drum (Volker Schlondorff)

                                An Unmarried Woman (Paul Mazursky)

                                Star Trek: The Movie  (Peter Wise)

                                SINO-VIETNAMESE WAR (THIRD INDOCHINA WAR)  +-   (1979)

                                Shah of Iran deposed following riots and political pressure - flees country (1/16)

                                Three Mile Island accident (3/27)

                                SALT II Treaty signed by Carter and Brezhnev (618)

                                Lord Mountbatten is assassinated by IRA rebels iwho planted a bomb in his boat (8/27)

                                Hostages taken at American Embassy in Tehran (11/4)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                First direct elections to the European Parliament are held in all nine  member states of the EEC

                                Peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt in Washington DC

                                General Idi Amin flees from Uganda to Saudi Arabia ahead of the Tanzanian and Ugandan rebel forces

                                Elections are held in Rhodesia under internal settlement - the guerilla war continues

                                Both sides in Rhodesian civil war join talks in London - cease fore and an election are agreed upon

                                Great Britain takes over control of Rhodesia

                                Exiled religious leader Ayotollah Komeini returns to Iran - Islamic Republic declared - many are executed

                                Soviet forces move into Afghanistan

                                Idi Amin Dada -                                    (Uganda)                               (1971-)

                                The Clash open first US Tour at the Palladium in NY (2/17)

                                Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra forms

                                Premiere of Berg's completed Lulu

                                Miss Havisham's Fire                                          Argento

                                Sweeney Todd

                                Hahn, Hilary                                                                          1979-                       Violinist (Lexington, VA)

                                Ager, Milton                                                                         1893-1979               Musician

                                Cannon, Gus                                                                         1883-1979               Composer

                                Clarke, Rebecca                                                                    1886-1979               Composer

                                Durey, Louis                                                                         1888-1979

                                Gabor, Dennis                                                                       1900-1979

                                Green, Grant                                                                          1931-1979               Musician

                                Harris, Roy                                                                            1898-1979               Composer

                                Marcuse, Herbert                                                                 1898-1979

                                McDowell, Mississippi Fred                                              1904-1979               Musician

                                Morris, Charles W.                                                              1901-1979

                                Perelman, Sydney Joseph                                                   1904-1979

                                Renoir, Jean                                                                          1894-1979

                                Rodgers, Richard Charles                                                   1902-1979               Musician

                                Rota, Nino                                                                             1911-1979               Composer

                                Stevens, George                                                                   1904-1979

                                Tomonaga, Shinichiro                                                         1906-1979

1980                        Atlantic City (Louis Malle)

                                Bad Timing (Nicolas Ray)

                                Berlin Alexanderplatz (Rainer Werner Fassbinder)

                                Empire Strikes Back (Irvin Kershner)

                                Kagemusha (Akira Kurosawa)

                                Ordinary People (Robert Redford)

                                Raging Bull (Martin Scorcese)

                                The Stunt Man (Richard Rush)

                                Six US embassy aides escape from Iran with Canadian help (1/29)

                                FBI's undercover "Abscam" (Arab scam) implicates public officials (2/2)

                                Rhodesia becomes independent as Zimbabwe - gains black majority rule (4)

                                U.S. breaks diplomatic ties with Iran (4/7)

                                8 soldiers killed and 5 wounded as helicopter and plane collide trying to rescue hostages in Teheran (4/27)

                                US Supreme court upholds federal aide for abortions (6/30)

                                Shah of Iran dies (7/27)

                                Anastasio Somoza Debayle ousted Nicaragua ruler and two aides assassinated in Asuncion (9/17)

                                Iran - Iraq War begins (9/19)

                                Ronald Reagan wins US presidential election (11/4)

                                Three U.S. nuns and lay workers found shot in El Salvador (12/4)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                President Tito of Yugoslavia dies

                                Robert Mugabe becomes the first black Prime Minister in Rhodesia after elections

                                Mt St. Helens erupts (5/18)

                                Juliana -                                (Netherlands)

                                Beatrix +                               (Netherlands)

                                Tito -                                      (Yugoslavia)                                          President

                                Obote +                                  (Uganda)                                                President (People's Congress Party)

                                QDOS (86DOS) developed by Tim Paterson at Seattle Computer Products (SCP)

                                John Lennon shot (12/8)

                                Los Angeles Guitar Quartet forms

                                Chang, Sarah                                                                        1980-                       Violinist (Philadelphia, PA) (12/10)

                                Silkk the Shocker  (Vyshonne Miller)                                1980-                       Musician

                                Bigard, Albany Barney                                                       1906-1980               Musician

                                Durante, Jimmy                                                                     1893-1980               Musician

                                Evans, Bill                                                                             1929-1980               Musician

                                Evans, Ulick Richardson                                                     1889-1980

                                Fromm, Erich                                                                         1900-1980

                                Guston, Philip                                                                       1913-1980               Painter

                                Hitchcock, Alfred                                                                 1899-1980               Director

                                Kaempfert, Bert                                                                    1923-1980               Composer

                                Kokoschka, Oskar                                                                1886-1980

                                Laye, Camara                                                                        1928-1980

                                McLuhan, Marshall                                                             1911-1980

                                Milburn, Amos                                                                     1927-1980               Musician

                                Miller, Henry                                                                         1891-1980

                                Piaget, Jean                                                                           1896-1980

                                Sartre, Jean Paul                                                                   1905-1980               Philosopher/Writer

                                Vleck, John H. van                                                               1899-1980

1981                        Circle of Deceit (Volker Schlondorff)

                                Pixote (Hector Babenco)

                                Raiders of the Lost Ark (Steven Spielberg)

                                Iran releases 52 US hostages (1/20)

                                Reagan sworn in as US president (1/20)

                                US hostages welcomed back to US (1/25)

                                Reagan shot (3/30)

                                Space Shuttle Columbia launched (4/12)

                                Alexander Haig travels to Middle East (4)

                                Pope John Paul II shot and wounded (5/14)

                                Reagan nominates Sandra Day O’Connor for Supreme Court justice (7/7)

                                110+ die in collapse of aerial walkways in lobby of Hyatt Regency Hotel, Kansas City (7/18)

                                US air controllers strike disrupts flights (8/3)

                                US government dismisses air controller strikers (8/11)

                                US Navy F-14s shoot down two SU-22's of the Lybian Air Force (8/19)

                                Sandra Day O’Connor sworn in as Supreme Court justice (9/21)

                                IBM Personal Computer (5150) introduced – PC age begins (8/12)

                                Busy Bee / Kool Mo D Beef Harlem World “Changing of the Guard (Lyrical MC)

                                Alkema, Wobbe                                                                   1900-1981

                                Barber, Samuel                                                                      1910-1981               Composer

                                Basie, Count                                                                         1904-1981               Composer

                                Bennett, Robert Russell                                                      1894-1981               Musician

                                Bloomfield, Mike                                                                  1941-1981               Guitarist

                                Carmichael, Hoagy                                                               1899-1981               Composer

                                Clair, Rene                                                                             1898-1981

                                Durant, Will                                                                          1885-1981

                                Eustache, Jean                                                                      1938-1981

                                Gance, Abel                                                                          1889-1981               Director

                                Hanson, Howard                                                                  1896-1981               Composer

                                Horton, Walter                                                                     1917-1981               Musician

                                Lacan, Jacques Marie Emile                                               1901-1981

                                Lewis, Furry                                                                          1893-1981

                                Marley, Bob                                                                          1945-1981               Musician

                                Montale, Eugenio                                                                                1896-1981

                                Red, Tampa                                                                           1904-1981               Musician

                                Tveitt, Geirr                                                                           1908-1981               Composer (Norway)

                                Wyler, William                                                                      1902-1981               Director

                                Yukawa, Hideki                                                                     1907-1981

1982                        Danton (Andrez Wajda)

                                E.T. the Extra Terrestrial (Steven Spielberg)

                                Fitzcarraldo (Werner Herzog)

                                La Traviata (Franco Zeffirelli)

                                Moonlighting (Jerzy Skolimowski)

                                Tootsie (Sydney Pollack)

                                The Verdict (Sidney Lumet)

                                The Weavers: Wasn't that a Time! (Jim Brown)

                                World According to Garp (George Roy Hill)

                                Rios Montt coup d'etat in Guatemala (3/23)

                                Falkands War begins - British vs. Argentinians (4/2)

                                Israel invades Lebanon in attack on PLO (4/4)

                                John Hinckley JR. found not guilty because of insanity for shooting Reagan (6/21)

                                Alexander Haig resigns as secretary of state (6/25)

                                Equal Rights amendment fails to be ratified in US (6/30)

                                Princess Grace dies when car plunges off mountain road - her daughter Stephanie seriously injured (9/14)

                                Lebanese Christian Phalangists kill hundreds of people in two Palestinian refugee camps in W. Beirut (9/15)

                                Leonid Brezhnev dies (11/10)

                                Andropov succeeds Brezhnev (11/15)

                                First successful artificial heart transplant at University of Utah Salt Lake City (12/2)

                                Reagan decides that the US could not afford Iran winning over Iraq

                                Chang, Han-na                                                                     1982-                       Cellist (Korea)

                                Lang Lang                                                                             1982-                       Pianist (Shenyang, China)

                                Bergman, Ingrid                    8/29 (also her birthday…)   1915-1982               Actress

                                Cheever, John                                                                       1912-1982

                                Deutsch, Max                                                                       1892-1982               Composer (Germany)

                                Hopkins, Sam Lightning                                                     1912-1982               Musician

                                Lloyd Webber, William Southcombe                                1914-1982               Musician

                                MacLeish, Archibald                                                           1892-1982

                                Monk, Thelonius Sphere                                                    1917-1982               Composer

                                Olsen, Poul Rovsing                                                            1922-1982               Composer

                                Rand, Ayn                                                                             1905-1982               Philosopher

                                Rexroth, Kenneth                                                                 1905-1982

                                Tubin, Eduard                                                                       1905-1982               Musician

                                Williams, Big Joe                                                                  1903-1982               Musician

1983                        El Norte (Gregory Nava)

                                Fanny and Alexander (Ingmar Bergman)

                                Koyaanisqatsi (Godfrey Reggio)

                                Terms of Endearment (James L. Brooks)

                                Pope John Paul II signs new Roman Catholic code incorporating reforms of the Second Vatican Council (1/25)

                                Reagan announces his SDI - Strategic Defense Initiative (3/23)

                                Space Shuttle Challenger makes maiden voyage - first space walk in nine years (4/4)

                                Supreme court proclaims many local abortion restrictions unconstitutional (6/15)

                                Sally K. Ride becomes first woman into space as crewmember of Challenger (6/18)

                                U.S. admits shielding Klaus Barbie, 69, the "butcher if Lyon" wanted in France for war crimes (8/15)

                                Benigno S. Aquino Jr.  - rival of Marcos - assassinated in Manila (8/21)

                                South Korean 747 shot down over Soviet airspace by SU-15 - all 269 aboard killed - 69 Americans (8/30)

                                Terrorist explosion kills 237 US Marines in Beirut (10/23)

                                US and Canadian allies  invade Grenada (10/25)

                                Turkish Cypriots proclaim a separate state under Rauf Denktash in the northern part of Cyprus (11/15)

                                AT&T first releases System V Unix (SysV) replacing System III

                                Purple Rain                                                            Prince

                                Auric, Georges                                                                     1899-1983

                                Blake, Eubie                                                                          1883-1983               Musician

                                Bloch, Felix                                                                            1905-1983

                                Bunuel, Luis                                                                          1900-1983               Director

                                Cukor, George                                                                       1899-1983               Director

                                Euler, Ulf Svante von                                                          1905-1983

                                Fuller, Buckminster                                                              1895-1983

                                Ginastera, Alberto                                                                1916-1983               Composer

                                Hines, Earl Kenneth                                                             1903-1983               Pianist

                                Howells, Herbert                                                                  1892-1983               Musician

                                Kaper, Bronislau                                                                  1902-1983               Composer (Warsaw, Poland)

                                Koestler, Arthur                                                                   1905-1983

                                Mennin, Peter                                                                       1923-1983               Composer

                                Miro, Joan                                                                             1893-1983               Painter

                                Morganfield, McKinley (Muddy Waters)                       1915-1983               Musician

                                Sykes, Roosevelt                                                                 1906-1983               Musician

                                Tailleferre, Germaine                                                            1892-1983               Composer

                                Tarsky, Alfred                                                                      1902-1983

                                Walton, William Turner                                                      1902-1983               Composer

                                Williams, Thomas Lanier (Tennesee)                               1911-1983               Playwright

1984                        Stop Making Sense (Jonathan Demme)

                                Bell telephone system broken up (1/1)

                                France gets first deliveries of Soviet natural gas (1/1)

                                Syria frees captured US Navy pilot, Lieut. Robert C. Goodman, Jr. (1/3)

                                US and Vatican exchange diplomats after 116 year hiatus (1/10)

                                Reagan orders US Marines withdrawn from Beirut international peacekeeping force (2/7)

                                Andropov dies. Chernenko named leader of USSR (2/9)

                                Italy and Vatican agree to end Roman Catholicism as state religion (2/18)

                                Reagan ends US role in Beirut by withdrawing 6th Fleet from peacekeeping force (3/30)

                                Congress rebukes Reagan for using  federal funds to plant mines in Nicaraguan harbors (4/10)

                                USSR and other Soviet bloc nations boycott summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles (5/7)

                                Jose Napoleon Duarte elected president of El Salvador as a moderate (5/11)

                                Indian Army occupies Sikh Golden Temple in Amritsar - 300 killed (6/6)

                                39th Democratic National Convention in San Francisco - Mondale/Ferraro ticket elected (7/16-7/19)

                                33rd Republican National Convention in Dallas - Reagan/Bush ticket reelected (8/20-8/25)

                                Brian Mulroney and Conservative Party win Canadian elections in landslide (9/4)

                                Indira Gandhi assassinated by two Sikh bodyguards - 1000 killed in anti-Sikh riots (10/31)

                                Reagan reelected in landslide - 59% of vote  (11/6)

                                Toxic gas leaks at Carbide plant in Bhopal, India kills 2000 and injures 150000 (12/3)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Rumsfeld and Teicher go to Iraq to convey Israeli offer of  assistance

                                Yuri V. Andropov -                              (USSR)                                                 

                                Konstantin U. Chernenko +              (USSR)                                                  (-1985)

                                Jose Napoleon Duarte +                     (El Salvador)                                         President

                                Brian Mulroney +                               (Canada)                                                Prime Minister

                                Indira Ganghi -                                    (India)                                                    Prime Minister (assassinated)

                                Rajiv Gandhi +                                     (India)                                                    Prime Minister (s. Indira)

                                IBM PC/AT (5170) released  - it’s second generation PC   designed around the Intel 6MHz 80286 CPU

                                Adams, Alibris Ansel                                                          1902-1984

                                Aleixandre, Vicente                                                              1898-1984

                                Brautigan, Richard                                                               1935-1984

                                Dirac, P. A. M.                                                                      1902-1984

                                Foucalt, Michel                                                                    1926-1984

                                Garland, Red                                                                         1923-1984               Pianist

                                Jacob, Gordon                                                                      1895-1984               Musician

                                Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich                                               1894-1984

                                Kastler, Alfred                                                                      1902-1984

                                Machito                                                                                 1912-1984               Musician

                                Neel, Alice                                                                             1900-1984

                                Ryle, Martin                                                                          1918-1984

                                Sholokhov, Michail Aleksandrovich                                1905-1984

                                Thompson, Randall                                                             1899-1984               Composer

                                Thornton, Big Mama                                                           1926-1984               Singer

                                Truffaut, Francois                                                                1932-1984               Filmmaker (France)

1985                        The Official Story (Luis Puenzo)

                                Shoah (Claude Lanzmann)

                                Reagan takes oath for second term (1/20)

                                General Westmorland settles libel action against CBS (2/18)

                                Margaret Thatcher  adresses US Congress - endorsing Reagan's policies (2/20)

                                Mikhail Gorbachev succeeds Chernenko on his death (3/11)

                                US Trade embargo to Nicaragua (5)

                                Two Shi'ite Hezbollah gunmen capture TWA 847 airliner with 133 passengers - 104 Americans (6/14)

                                Greenland adopts its own flag (6/21)

                                Narita Airport Bombing (6/23)

                                Air India Flight 182 destroyed by bombing over Irish airspace - kills all 329 onboard (Sikh groups) (6/23)

                                39 remaining hostages freed in Beirut (6/30)

                                Supreme Court (5-4) bars public school teachers from parochial schools (7/1)

                                French DGSE bombs and sinks Rainbow Warrior, Greenpeace flagship in Aukland,  New Zealand (7/10)

                                508 TOW missiles exchanged  to Iran for American hostage Benjamin Weir in Lebanon (8)

                                Bob Geldof's Live Aid (7/13)

                                Konstantin U. Chernenko -                               (USSR)                                                  (-1985)

                                Mikhail Gorbachev +                                          (USSR)

                                Microsoft Windows first released (11/20)

                                Alwyn, William                                                                     1905-1985               Composer

                                Boll, Heinrich                                                                        1917-1985

                                Braudel, Fernand                                                                  1902-1985

                                Calvino, Italo                                                                        1923-1985

                                Chagall, Marc                                                                       1887-1985               Painter

                                Creston, Paul                                                                        1906-1985               Musician

                                Dubuffet, Jean                                                                      1901-1985               Painter

                                Clarke, Kenny                                                                       1914-1985               Musician

                                Langer, Susanne K.                                                             1895-1985

                                Montgomery, Little Brother                                               1906-1985               Musician

                                Morante                                                                                 1918-1985

                                Nagel, Ernest                                                                        1901-1985

                                Red, Piano                                                                             1911-1985               Musician

                                Sessions, Roger                                                                   1896-1985               Composer

                                Taylor, Eddie                                                                        1923-1985               Musician

                                Turner, Big Joe                                                                     1911-1985               Musician

                                Welles, Orson                                                                       1915-1985               Director/Actor

1986                        Death of a Salesman (Volker Schlondorff)

                                Room with a View (James Ivory)

                                Sherman's March (Ross McElwee)

                                Reagan approves plan to sell 1000 TOW missiles to Iran in exchange for hostages (1)

                                Two American warships cruise through Soviet Crimean territorial waters (3/16)

                                Hand of God Goal - Maradona & Argentina defeat England 2-1 in World Cup game (6/22)

                                --------------------------------------------------------

                                1000 TOW missiles shipped to Iran, funds partially diverted to Contras

                                Reagan through Bush to Egypt president Mubarak urges Saddam Hussein to step up air campaign

                                “Uruguay round” of negotiations under GATT agreement (-1994)

                                Pixies form

                                Anonymous 4 forms           

                                Arlen, Harold                                                                        1905-1986               Songwriter

                                Beauvoir, Simon de                                                              1908-1986

                                Beuys, Joseph                                                                      1921-1986

                                Borges, Jorge Luis                                                               1899-1986               (1900)

                                Cagney, James                                                                      1899-1986               Actor

                                Genet, Jean                                                                            1910-1986               Writer

                                Goodman, Benjamin David                                 1909-1986               Musician

                                Gyson, Brion                                                                         1916-1986

                                Kaufman, Bob                                                                       1925-1986

                                Lerner, Alan Jay                                                                   1918-1986               Composer

                                Moore, Henry                                                                       1898-1986               Sculptor

                                O’keefe, Georgia                                                                   1887-1986

                                Rainwater, James                                                                  1917-1986

                                Rubbra, Edmund                                                                  1901-1986               Composer

                                Rulfo, Juan                                                                            1918-1986

                                Seifert, Jaroslav                                                                    1901-1986

                                Tansman, Alexandre                                                            1897-1986               Composer

                                Tartovsky, Andrei                                                               1932-1986

                                Terrell, Saunders (Sonny Terry)                                        1911-1986               Musician

                                Wilson, Teddy                                                                     1912-1986               Musician

                                Wiren, Dag Ivar                                                                    1905-1986               Musician

1987                        Babette's Feast (Gabriel Axel)

                                Moonstruck (Norman Jewison)

                                The Untouchables (Brian DePalma)

                                INF Treaty - Interemediate Range nuclear forces agreement between US and USSR (12/8)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                FBI adopts OC as official chemical agent

                                Astaire, Fred                                                                         1899-1987               Dancer

                                Brattain, W. H.                                                                      1902-1987

                                Broglie, Victor Pierre Raymond de                                    1892-1987

                                Campbell, Joseph                                                                 1904-1987               Anthropologist

                                Feldman, Morton                                                                 1926-1987               Composer

                                Herman, Woody                                                                   1913-1987               Musician

                                Kabalevsky, Dmitri Borisovich                                          1904-1987               Composer

                                Mompou, Frederic                                                               1893-1987                Composer/Pianist

                                Persichetti, Vincent                                                              1915-1987               Composer

                                Rich, Buddy                                                                          1917-1987               Musician

                                Segovia, Andres                                                                  1893-1987               Musician

                                Warhol, Andy                                                                      1928-1987

                                Yourcenar, Marguerite                                                        1903-1987

1988                        Thin Blue Line (Errol Morris)

                                Stockholm Statement (12/7)

                                Pan Am 103 flight explodes -killing all 270 people onboard (12/21)

                                Alvarez, Luis W.                                                                  1911-1988

                                Basquiat, Jean-Michel                                                         1960-1988               Painter

                                Black, Max                                                                             1909-1988               Analytical Philosopher (Baku, Russia)

                                Evans, Gil                                                                              1912-1988               Composer

                                Dorati, Antal                                                                         1906-1988               Conductor (Budapest, Hungary)

                                Duncan, Robert                                                                    1919-1988

                                Feigl, Hebert                                                                         1902-1988 (6/1)      Philosopher (Liberec, Bohemia)

                                Feynman, Richard Phillips                                                  1918-1988

                                Heinlein, Robert Anson                                                      1907-1988               Writer

                                Holmes, John Clellon                                                           1926-1988

                                House, Son                                                                           1902-1988               Musician

                                Leighton, Kenneth                                                               1929-1988               Musician

                                Lerner, Frederick                                                                  1904-1988              

                                Mee, Margaret Ursala                                                         1909-1988

                                Noguchi, Isamu                                                                    1904-1988               Sculptor/Architect (Japan)

                                Poot, Marcel                                                                         1901-1988               Musician

                                Rabi, I. I.                                                                                1898-1988

                                Ruska, Ernst                                                                          1906-1988

                                Slim, Memphis                                                                      1915-1988               Musician

                                Sorabji, Kaikhosru Shapurji                                                1892-1988               Composer

                                Stein, Ronald                                                                        1930-1988               Musician

1989                        Glory (Edward Zwick)

                                Withdrawal of the last Russian soldier in Afghanistan (2)

                                Coup in Sudan topples al-Mirghani government - Omar al-Bashir comes to power (6/30)

                                Berlin Wall falls (11/9)

                                Brandenberg Gate crossing  in Berlin  (12/22)

                                Hans Adam II +                    (Liechtenstein)                                    Prince

                                Ayer, Alfred Jules                                                                1910-1989

                                Ball, Eric (sp?)                                                                       1903-1989               Musician

                                Beckett, Samuel                                                                    1906-1989

                                Berkeley, Lennox                                                                  1903-1989               Composer

                                Berlin, Irving                                                                         1888-1989               Composer

                                Dali, Salvador                                                                       1904-1989               Painter

                                Eldridge, Roy                                                                        1911-1989               Musician

                                Halffter, Ernesto                                                                   1905-1989               Musician

                                Maplethorpe, Robert                                                           1946-1989               Painter

                                Segre, Emilio                                                                         1905-1989

                                Shaw, Woody                                                                       1944-1989

                                Shockley, W. B.                                                                    1910-1989

                                Thomson, Virgil                                                                    1897-1989               Composer

1990                        Dances with Wolves (Kevin Costner)

                                Althusser, Louis                                                                  1918-1990

                                Bernstein, Leonard                                                              1918-1990               Composer

                                Blakey, Art                                                                            1919-1990               Musician

                                Cherenkov, P. A.                                                                  1904-1990

                                Copland, Aaron                                                                    1900-1990               Composer

                                Cugat, Xavier                                                                        1900-1990               Musician

                                Demy, Jacques                                                                     1931-1990

                                Frank, Ilya M.                                                                       1908-1990

                                Gordon, Dexter                                                                     1923-1990               Musician

                                Haring, Keith                                                                        1958-1990               Painter

                                Hofstadter, Robert                                                               1915-1990

                                Ussachevsky, Vladimir                                                        1911-1990               Composer

                                Vaughan, Sarah                                                                    1924-1990               Singer

                                White, Patrick                                                                       1912-1990

1991                        The Commitments (Alan Parker)

                                Raise the Red Lantern (Zhang Yimou)

                                Shia uprisings begin in Karbala, Iraq (3/5)  2:30 AM

                                Iraqi security forces regain daytime control of Karbala (3/19)

                                Slovenia declares its independence (6/25)

                                Croatia declares its independence (6)

                                Bosnia and Herzegovina declares idependence (12)

                                Persian Gulf War

                                Harald V +                             (Norway)

                                Tim Berners-Lee proposes that hypertext be loaded onto Internet – beginning of WWW (8/5)

                                Gesungene Zeit                                                    Rihm (-1992)

                                Anderson, C. D.                                                                   1905-1991

                                Bardeen, John                                                                       1908-1991

                                Capra, Frank                                                                          1897-1991

                                Davis, Miles                                                                          1926-1991               Musician

                                Graham, Martha                                                                    1894-1991

                                Kosinski, Jerzy                                                                     1933-1991

                                Lenard, Philip Edward Anton                                             1905-1991

                                North, Alex                                                                            1910-1991               Composer

                                Richardson, Tony                                                                                1928-1991

                                Singer, Isaac Bashevis                                                        1904-1991

                                Tamayo, Rufino                                                                    1899-1991

1992                        Howard's End (James Ivory)

                                Mongolian people’s party thrown out of Kyrgystan

                                Bush pardons all principals in Iran Contra affair

                                47th Session of the UN General Assembly - CICA idea proposed by Kazakh president Nazarbayev

                                Electoral democracy returns to Guyana

                                Ardon, Mordecai                                                                 1896-1992

                                Asimov, Isaac (Paul French)                                              1920-1992               Writer

                                Bacon, Francis                                                                      1909-1992               Painter

                                Bohrod, Aaron                                                                     1907-1992

                                Cage, John                                                                            1912-1992               Composer

                                Delerue, Georges                                                                  1925-1992

                                Guattari, Felix                                                                        1930-1992

                                Mathias, William                                                                  1934-1992               Musician

                                Mitchell, Joan                                                                       1925-1992

                                Piazzolla, Astor                                                                     1921-1992               Composer

                                Price, Sammy                                                                         1908-1992

                                Schuman, William Howard                                 1910-1992               Composer

1993                        Schindler's List (Steven Spielberg)

                                US bombs Iraqi Intelligence Service building in Baghdad with 23 Tomohawks for plot to kill Bush I (6/27)

                                Oslo Accords finalized in Oslo, Norway (8/20)

                                Oslo Accords - signed between  Itzak Racib and Yasir Arafat on south Lawn at White House (9/13)

                                Mogadishu Ambush (10/3)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Olin Tezcatlipoca founds the Mexica Movement Chicano Mexicano Mexica Empowerment Committee

                                Albert II +                              (Belgium)

                                PCI Local Bus first implemented – comes to replace ISA (7)

                                Seven Last Words                                                                James MacMillan

                                Blount, Herman “Sonny” (Sun Ra)                                   1914-1993

                                De Mille, Agnes                                                                   1905-1993

                                Diebenkorn, Richard                                                            1922-1993

                                Eckstein, William Clarence                                 1914-1993

                                Gillespie, John Birks (Dizzy)                                               1917-1993               Musician

                                Golding, William                                                                   1911-1993               Writer

                                Kusch, Polycarp                                                                   1911-1993

                                Paul, Wolfgang                                                                    1913-1993

                                Ronell, Ann                                                                           1908-1993

                                Termen, Lev Sergeivitch                                                     1896-1993

                                Mankiewicz, Joseph L.                                                        1903-1993               Director (1911)

                                Parkinson, C. Northcote                                                      1909-1993

                                Wisdom, John                                                                      1904-1993

                                Zappa, Frank                                                                         1940-1993               Musician

1994                        Little Women (Gillian Armstrong)

                                Natural Born Killers (Oliver Stone)

                                WTO formed

                                Kurt Cobain commits suicide (4/5)

                                Anderson, Lindsay                                                              1923-1994

                                Bukowski, Charles                                                               1920-1994               Writer

                                Calloway, Cab                                                                       1907-1994               Musician

                                Canetti, Elias                                                                         1905-1994

                                Cobain, Kurt                                         (4/5)                        1967-1994   )-(        Musician (Aberdeen, WA)

                                Ellison, Ralph                                                                        1914-1994               Writer

                                Everson, William                                                                  1912-1994

                                Kienholz, Ed                                                                          1927-1994

                                Nixon, Richard Milhouse                                                    1913-1994               Statesman

                                Pass, Joe                                                                                1929-1994               Musician

                                Popper, Karl                                                                          1902-1994

                                Schwinger, Julian Seymour                                                1918-1994

1995                       Teicher Affadivit - first sworn public account by a Reagan insider of the covert US Iraq ties (1/31)

                                Oklahoma City bombing (4/15)

                                Srebenica massacre - Bosnian Serbs under Gen. Radislav Drstic kill  8000 +- Bosniaks & Ratko Mladic (7)

                                Dayton Peace Accord - (12)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia begins at the Hague

                                Alfven, Hans Olof                                                                1908-1995

                                Cherry, Don                                                                          1934-1995               Musician

                                Davis, Wild Bill                                                                    1918-1995               Musician

                                Deleuze, Gilles                                                                      1925-1995

                                Dubois, Pierre Max                                                              1930-1995               Musician

                                Fowler, William A.                                                               1911-1995

                                Garcia, Jerry                                                                          1942-1995               Musician

                                Needham, Joseph                                                                 1900-1995

                                Schaeffer, Henri Pierre                                                         1910-1995               Musician

                                Subrahmanyan, Chandrasekhar                                         1910-1995

                                Sunnyland Slim                                                                    1907-1995               Musician

                                Walton, Ernest T. S.                                                            1903-1995

                                Wigner, Eugene Paul                                                           1902-1995

1996                        Khobar Towers Bombing - Hezbollah bombs building #131 in Dharan, Saudi Arabia (6/25)

                                Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) opened for signature - 71 countries sign (9/24)

                                Pulse Shadows                                                     Birtwistle

                                B.I.G                                                                                       1972-1996               Musician

                                Brodsky, Joseph                                                                  1940-1996

                                Elytis, Odysseus (Alepoudhelis)                                      1911-1996

                                Fitzgerald, Ella                                                                      1918-1996               Singer

                                Gideon, Miriam                                                                     1906-1996               Musician

                                Holmboe, Vagn                                                                     1909-1996               Composer

                                Leary, Timothy Francis                                                       1920-1996

                                Luening, Otto                                                                       1900-1996               Composer

                                McGhee, Brownie                                                                1915-1996               Musician

                                Mott, Nevill F.                                                                      1905-1996

                                Salaam, Abdus                                                                     1926-1996

                                Takemitsu, Toru                                                                   1930-1996               Composer

                                Tudor, David Eugene                                                          1926-1996

                                TuPac                                                                                     1971-1996               Musician

1997                        4 Little Girls (Spike Lee)

                                Global Agreement - signed between E.U. and Mexico - sharing of trade and ideas (12/8)

                                -------------------------------------------------------------

                                Asian financial crisis

                                US signs Chemical Weapons Convention

                                “World” economic crisis (-1998)

                                Cassini-Huygens spacecraft launched from Earth on mission to Saturn and it's moon Titan (10/15)

                                Burroughs, William                                                              1914-1997               Writer

                                De Kooning, Willem                                                            1904-1997               Painter

                                Ginsberg, Allen                                                                    1926-1997               Poet

                                Hempel, Carl Gustav                                                            1905-1997

                                Lichtenstein, Roy                                                                 1923-1997               Painter

                                Purcell, E. M.                                                                         1912-1997

1998                        US embassies in Nairobi and Tanzania are bombed - killing 243 and 10 respectively (8/7)

                                Goodman, Nelson                                                                1906-1998

                                Kurosawa, Akira                                                                  1910-1998               Filmmaker (Japan)

                                Laxness, Halldor Kiljan                                                       1902-1998

                                Lyotard, Jean Francois                                                        1924-1998

                                Paz, Octavio                                                                          1914-1998

                                Pourbaix, Marcel                                                                  1904-1998

                                Sinatra, Frank                                                                        1915-1998               Musician

1999                        US Senate rejects Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (10/13)

                                US-China accession agreement (11/15)

                                WTO riots in Seattle (11/30)

                                -------------------------------------------------------

                                Kurdistan Workers' Party begins a unilateral ceasefire in Turkey - 30,000 Kurds killed in the 1980's

                                Iraqi Shiite Ayatolla Muhammed al-Sadr is murdered - Sayyed Ali al-Sistani succeeds

                                Bresson, Robert                                                                   1901-1999

                                Byard, Jaki                                                                             1922-1999

                                Cadmus, Paul                                                                        1904-1999

                                Edison, Harry “Sweets”                                                      1919-1999               Musician

                                Herzberg, Gerard                                                                  1904-1999

                                Jackson, Milt                                                                        1923-1999               Musician

                                Kubrick, Stanley                                                                   1928-1999               Filmmaker

                                Seaborg, Glenn T.                                                                1912-1999

 

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